Submissions

Author Guidelines

Aims and scope

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology (JIST) is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary, open access science journal published by the Institute of Science and Technology (IoST), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kathmandu, Nepal (established in NepJOL since 2007).   JIST publishes two issues (June and December) in a year considering original research articles, review articles, short communications/reports/notes/checklist/comments and letter to the editor on diverse areas of Science and Technology, including botany, chemistry, computer/IT, computation, environment, geology, hydrology/meteorology, mathematics, microbiology, physics, statistics, zoology and allied fields or in multidisciplinary aspects. JIST is indexed in NepJOL (https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JIST) and ranked TWO STARS by International Network for Advancing Science (INASP) Journal Publishing Practices and Standards (JPPS). JIST has online submission and tracking system promoting continuous publication of the articles. The details of authors guidelines is available at PDF.

 Language

The manuscript should be written in English language, either US or British, but not in combination.

 Article types

Research Articles

These articles present original research, cover the results of recent research and findings across diverse fields of science and technology (S&T) which contribute to the foundation of scientific knowledge. They may include interdisciplinary investigations, as well as the replication and validation of previously conducted studies, thereby strengthening the reliability and scope of existing research. The length of the research article should be generally 4,000-7,000 words inclusive of all parts of paper. Figures and tables are acceptable in a research article. 

Review Articles

Review (including systematic reviews and perspective) articles provide a comprehensive evaluation of clearly defined topics, new insights or perspectives covering the scope of the journal. Submissions are expected to include a critical and integrative synthesis of literature drawn from diverse sources and, where relevant, multiple languages. A rigorous meta-analysis should be conducted when appropriate to quantitatively assess patterns and evidence across studies. Review articles must go beyond summarizing existing knowledge by offering new insights, conceptual advances, future research directions, and potential resolutions to key debates or unresolved questions in S&T. The length of the review article should be generally 7,000-10,000 words inclusive of all parts of the paper. Manuscripts that focus solely on publication trends or bibliometric patterns without substantive synthesis will not be considered.

Short Communications

Short communication needs to provide a novel, timely scientific findings with insightful glance of significance requiring rapid dissemination within the scope of S&T. These submissions should follow the same thematic and methodological standards as full research articles but focus on clearly defined objectives, streamlined analyses, and succinct presentation of results. The length of an article should be generally below 4000 words including all sections.

Letters to Editor

Letters to editor provides a critical scientific and technical comments to editor arising from published articles. The word limit in letters to editor should be less than 1,000.

 Peer review process

This journal follows a double-anonymized peer review process. Upon submission, manuscripts are first screened for format checking, plagiarism and AI-content detection. If these criteria agreed, the manuscript is assigned to handling editorial teams to assess their suitability, their suitability and relevance to the journal’s scope and standards. If deemed appropriate for further consideration, the manuscript is typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers for a thorough assessment of its scientific quality, originality, and methodological rigor. The final decision regarding acceptance, revision, or rejection of the manuscript rests with the editors, who consider the reviewers’ comments and recommendations in making their determination.

Editors do not participate in the decision-making process for manuscripts in which a conflict of interest may arise. This includes submissions of their own authorship, or that have been authored by family members or close colleagues, or that relate to products or services in which they have a personal or financial interest. Such manuscripts will be handled in accordance with the journal’s standard procedures, with the peer review process managed independently of the editor concerned and their research group to ensure objectivity and transparency.

Authors may submit a formal appeal against an editorial decision, provided that the appeal complies with all requirements and follows the procedures outlined in the Journal’s Policy. Only one appeal per submission will be considered, and the decision made following the appeal will be final.

Instructions for preparing the manuscripts

A manuscript should normally consist of title, authors’ name and affiliation with corresponding email address. Standard font size for text should be set at 12 pt in Times New Roman. Line spacing of regular write up should be double spaced with a margin of 3 cm in A4 sized paper.

The page number and line number should be on every page. Language should be precise and clear without redundant words. Binomial names of organisms should be spelled out in full at first use (wherever application, add binomial nomenclature with author's citation). Latest citations are priorities.

Plagiarism and artificial intelligence (AI): All manuscripts submitted to the JIST are subjected to plagiarism (Similarity Index- SI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) check by using authentic software. The SI and AI of manuscripts should not exceed 10%.

 Manuscript structure

Title

Title should be concise, specific, and informative - short titles (generally less than 20 words) are preferred with capital letters. Avoid abbreviations and formulae as far as possible, unless they are established and widely understood, e.g., DNA.

Author(s)

Please provide the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author. The order of the authors should exactly match the order entered in the submission system. Kindly ensure that all names are spelled accurately and consistently.

Affiliation(s)

Please add the affiliation addresses, indicating where the work was conducted, directly below the list of author names. Affiliations should be identified using a lowercase superscript letter placed immediately after each author’s name and before the corresponding institutional address. Also include the email address and ORCID of each author.

Corresponding author

Please clearly indicate the author who will serve as the corresponding author (not more than two) for the manuscript throughout all stages of the peer-review and publication process, as well as after publication. The corresponding author will be responsible for responding to any future inquiries regarding the study’s results, data, methodology, and materials. Please ensure that the corresponding author’s email address and contact details are accurate and keep up to date during the submission and publication process.

Use symbol § in case of equal contribution of authors (not more than two).

Authors are requested to follow the following format (also in PDF).

Carbapenem-Resistant and Metallo-β-Lactamases PRODUCING Enterobacterales from                                                                      CLINICAL Specimens

                                  Roch Smith^1§, Sam Sharma^1,2*, Dwight Bhatta^2§

       ¹Department of Molecular Biology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal

                  ²Department of Life Sciences, Far Western University, Sudurpashchim, Nepal

                                                  *Correspondence: sam@gmail.com

                                                                       ^§These authors contributed equally

 ABSTRACT

A concise single paragraph abstract with maximum of 250 words is required. The abstract should state briefly the objective of the research with background, novelty, materials/methods, results and conclusions and recommendations. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations and references should be avoided, however, if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract.

 Keywords

Authors are required to provide 5–6 keywords without repeating words from title itself. All keywords must be written in English. Please avoid using multi–word phrases, particularly those containing connectors such as “and” or “of.” Abbreviations used should be well established and widely recognized within the field. E.g.

Keywords: Bacteria, Band structure, Candida albicans, Protozoan parasites, Zinc oxide

Formulae and equation

Please submit mathematical equations as editable text rather than as images. Wherever possible, send simple formulae within the main body of the text. Format all variables in italics. Display equations separately from the main text and number them consecutively in the order in which they are cited.

Abbreviations should be defined at first and used consistently thereafter. The use of metric units is preferred for all types of measurement. Scientific names and taxonomic treatments by the concerned author should follow the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (CN), International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB), International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) etc.

Table

Table should be presented as editable text, not as image. The tables should be marked with self-explanatory notes with table captions above the table. Fonts of the table and table caption should be in 10 font size, Times New Roman. Cite all tables in the manuscript text. Table number should be in sequence, using Arabic numerals – i.e., Table 1. , 2., 3., etc.

Citation in text write as Table 1 depicted…..

Graphical comparisons of TPC and TFC are presented in 1 and 2, respectively.

From Tables 3a, 3b, and 3c, it can be observed that both compounds had a good alignment in the binding site of EGFR.

For better interpretation it is shown via regression (Table 5, 6).

If it is in parenthesis write as follows (Table 1)

Citation in text as Table 1.

Format Table as below (PDF):  

 Table 1. Carbapenemase and MBL production among Enterobacterales

Organism	MDR (%)	Carbapenem resistant (CRE) (%)	Carbapenemase positive (mCIM)  (%)	MBL positive (eCIM) (%)
E. coli	54.92	4.75	5.76	2.37
K. pneumoniae	53.13	10.94	15.36	1.56
P. mirabilis	70.00	10.00	30.00	20
Morganella spp.	20.00	0	0	0
Citrobacter spp.	66.67	0	66.67	33.33
Serratia spp.	100.00	0	33.33	0
K. oxytoca	100.00	0	0	50.00
Salmonella spp.	66.67	0	0	0
Total	55.32	5.71	8.57	3.12

 

Figures

Figures, images, schematic diagram, illustrations and any other art works should be present in image format in JPEG, TIFF, PNG (at least 300 dpi resolution). Provide figure captions for each figure or group of figures. Cite all figures in the manuscript text. The figures should be marked with self-explanatory notes and figure legends. Figure captions should be given below the figure. Figure captions should be 10 font size. Figure number should be in sequence, using Arabic numerals– e.g.,   

Figure 1. Detection of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production

Figure 2. Carbapenemase and MBL production among Enterobacterales

Citation in text write as Figure 1 depicted…..

Graphical comparisons of TPC and TFC are presented in 1 and 2, respectively.

From Figures 3a, 3b, and 3c, it can be observed that both compounds had a good alignment in the binding site of EGFR.

For better interpretation it is shown via regression (Fig. 5, 6).

If it is in parenthesis write as follows (Fig.1)

Citation in text as Figure 1.

 

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of research should be reflected in the introduction. State the questions you sought to answer and provide pertinent and adequate background information of previous findings for those questions. It should provide a clear and concise overview of the research topic, its significance, and the context.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Provide sufficient details of materials and methods to ensure the reproducibility or repeatability of the study. A clear description of experimental design, sampling procedures, and statistical procedures should be described. Include model numbers and manufacturer for all specialized equipment used, where applicable. Previously published methods should be cited appropriately, and only relevant modifications should be described. For mathematical expression and equations, please follow articles of latest issues.

For subheadings follow the examples given below:

Study area (Bold)

Anaerobic Peptinophilus asaccharolyticus (bold)

Population of Bengal tiger (bold)

RESULTS

Results should be clear and state concisely. Present the results logically in text, tables and figures but do not interpret your findings.

DISCUSSION

Differentiate the results of your study from data obtained from other secondary sources. Interpret your results, relate them to the results of previous research findings, and discuss the implications of your results.

CONCLUSION

State clearly the main conclusions of the research and give a clear explanation of the importance and relevance. This section should be based on your findings and standalone.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Acknowledgments must be placed after the main text. Acknowledge only those who have made significant contribution to the study. Many contributions, such as technical help, financial support, sources of materials, and people who have contributed intellectually to the development of the manuscript justify acknowledgements. Do not acknowledge anyone who has no contribution.

 AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION

The authors should mention the contributions to the work by each author. For instance, the section should cover but not be limited to: conceptualization, project administration, fieldwork, laboratory works, resources, funding, supervision, data analysis, writing original drafts, review and editing.

e.g. Conceptualization: AP, SP; Methodology: IS, MS, MAS, MK; Validation: MS; Investigation: AP; Data analysis: AB, BA; Writing-original draft: AB, CD; Writing-review & editing: CK, MS; Supervision: SP; Funding acquisition: SP

 FUNDING

Provide funding agency and grant number if available. If not write None.

ORCIDs

Provide author (s) DOI as below:

Yugin Zou: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-3820

Tiko Kuhl: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-129X

 CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors should declare if there is any conflict of interest. For instance, one can state, ‘The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper’.

 ETHICAL STATEMENT

The authors should state that it is their original work and has not been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. In addition, if human subjects and/or animals are part of the research work, the authors must provide ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (or similar entity) to show that they obtained consent to carry out the research.

 DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

The data availability statement should be clarified by mentioning the author responsible who owns the raw data. For instance, one can state: 'The data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request'.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Supplementary materials of manuscripts can be submitted. If not, write None. When adding supplementary tables write as Table S1., Table S2., Figure S1., Figure S2.

In main text of manuscript write as below:

Table S1. Search strategies

Table S2. Data collected from the study

Table S3. PRISMA 2020 checklist

In supplementary file format as below:

Carbapenem-Resistant and Metallo-β-Lactamases PRODUCING Enterobacterales from                                                                                CLINICAL Specimens

                                          Roch Smith¹, Sam Sharma^1,2*, Dwight Bhatta²

            ¹Department of Molecular Biology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal

                       ²Department of Life Sciences, Far Western University, Sudurpashchim, Nepal

                                             *Correspondence: sam221@gmail.com

           (Submitted: August 7, 2025, Reviewed: December 01, 2025, Accepted: April 27, 2026)

                                                             SUPPLEMENTRY

Table S1. Search strategies

Table S2. A…………….

 

 

REFERENCES

Citations

Before submitting the manuscript, please check each citation in the text against the references and vice-versa to match exactly. Citations in the text should be formatted as follows (APA, 7th edition referring style, website: https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing/apa7/author-info: Single author: The author's last name and the year of publication, e.g., (Sharma, 2008) or Sharma (2008).

Two authors: Both authors’ last names and the year of publication, e.g., (Gotelli & Ellison, 2004).

Three or more authors: First author's last name followed by 'et al.', e.g., (Sharma et al., 2019) or Sharma et al. (2019).

Groups of references: Many references, when cited in the parenthesis, should first be cited chronologically and then alphabetically, e.g., (Dickinson & Lukas, 1979; Singer, 1996; Adhikari & Bhattarai, 2014).

 If the same author/s are cited in the same text it should be cited as Petri et al., 2002, 2013, 2014, 2018; Rexer & Weiss, 2006, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c.

List of References

The list of references should include only those works that are cited in the text. Personal communications should only be mentioned in the text (write as: P. K. Nepal Pers. Comm.), not in the references. The reference list should be arranged alphabetically by the last names of the first author. If the last name of the first author is the same in two or more references, the last name of the second author and so on should be considered while preparing the list. Different kinds of publications should be listed in different styles, as mentioned below.

Journal articles

Sharma, C. M. (2008). Freshwater fishes, fisheries, and habitat prospects of Nepal. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 11(3), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802317329

Ghimire, M. P., & Richter, M. (2017). Chemical gating of a weak topological insulator: Bi14Rh3I9. Nano Letters, 17(10), 6303–6308.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1710.03466

Chhatkuli, D. N., Paudel, S., & Aryal, B. (2020). Study of star formation rate and metallicity of an interacting dwarf galaxy NGC 2604. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 25(2), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.3126/jist.v25i2.33736

Sharma, H. P., Belant, J. L., & Shaner, P. J. L. (2019). Attitudes towards conservation of the Endangered red panda Ailurus fulgens in Nepal: A case study in protected and non-protected areas. Oryx, 53(3), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605317000990  

Nath, A. P., Ritchie, S. C., Grinberg, N. F., Tang, H. H., Huang, Q. Q., Teo, S. M., Ahola-Olli, A. V., Wurtz, P., Havulinna, A. S., Santalahti, K., Pitkanen, N., Lehtimaki, T., Kahonen, M., Lyytikainen, L. P., Raitoharju, E., Seppala, I., Sarin, A. P., Ripatti, S., Palotie, A., . . . Inouye, M. (2019). Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of a cytokine network reveals variants with widespread immune, haematological, and cardiometabolic pleiotropy. American Journal of Human Genetics, 105(6), 1076–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.10.001

Book

Gotelli, N. J., & Ellison, A. M. (2004). A primer of ecological statistics. Sinauer Associates.

Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Edited book

Sayyed, R. A., Singh, A., & Ilyas, N. (Eds). (2022) Antifungal Metabolites of Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Agriculture (p. 380). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Book chapters

Richter, M. (2001). Density functional theory applied to 4f and 5f elements and metallic compounds. In K. H. J. Buschow (Ed.), Handbook of Magnetic Materials (pp. 87–228), Vol. 13, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Bhattarai, B. P., Paudel, P. K., & Kindlmann, P. (2011). Conservation of Biodiversity: An Outline of the Challenges. In P. Kindlmann (Ed.), Himalayan Biodiversity in the Changing World (pp. 41–70). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1802-9_2

Sharma, C. M., Borgstrøm, R., & Rosseland, B. O. (2010). Biomanipulation in Lake Årungen, Norway: A tool for biological control. In A. Ansari, S. Gill, G. Lanza, & W. Rast (Eds.), Eutrophication: Causes, consequences and control (pp. 295–323). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9625-8_15

Report

Bhattarai, J. (2019). Investigation on physico-chemical and sintering properties of ceramic tiles and bricks available in local market of Kathmandu Valley. The University Grants Commission-Nepal, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal. p. 121.

Conference paper

Swar, D. B. (2008). History of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) introduction in Nepal. In T. B. Gurung (Ed.), Proceedings of the first national workshop on scaling up rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming strategies in Nepal (pp. 21–24), Kathmandu, Nepal.

Theses/Dissertations

Pyakurel, U. (2016). Evacuation planning problem with contraflow approach. PhD Dissertation, Central Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

Bhattarai,  J. (1998). Tailoring of corrosion-resistant tungsten alloys by sputtering. MSc Thesis, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan.

Webpage on a website with a group author

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flow-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm

Submission preparation checklist

Authors are expected to check the final paper thoroughly before submission for all the requirements stated in the instructions. As a part of the submission process, authors are expected to checklist their submission's compliance with all of the following items, or else submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines:

• The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor). This declaration needs to be written in the cover letter.
• Thesubmission file is in Open Office, Microsoft Word, LaTeX2e or WordPerfect document file
• If available, provide DOI or URLs for the
• The text is double-spaced; use a 12-point font; apply italics rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
• Table function has been used to prepare the tables, not
• The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author guidelines
• The instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed (If submitting to a peer-reviewed section of the journal).
• The ethical approval certificates to carry out the research work has been submitted to the journal along with the manuscript, (if applicable).
• A cover letter is to be submitted declaring the originality, no parallel submission elsewhere, and ethical statements during submission.
• Word count of the article is in the range of

-generally 4,000-7,000 words including all for Research Articles

-generally 7,000-10,000 words including all for Review Articles

-generally 4000 words including all for Short Communications and Letter to Editor

Article processing charges (APC)

The JIST does not charge a fee for submission, processing and publication.

Copyright notice and licensing policy

The copyright of the articles is held by the Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University (IoST- TU). The views and interpretations in this journal are those of the author(s). They are not attributable to the IoST-TU and do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The corresponding author is responsible for any conflict of interest between authors and others.

The articles in the Journal of Institute of Science and Technology are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Share Alike 4.0 International License (CC: BY-NC), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, remix, transfer, and build upon the materials for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited.

Authorship change

If you require to change the authorship, including the order of the authors, during or after the review, you need to send the consent letter to the Editorial Office. The Consent Letter is available upon request. The change in authorship after the acceptance of the article is not entertained unless there are some technical errors. The Chief Editor will make the final decision in such cases.

Peer review process

Following the submission of the manuscript to the journal, the editorial board will check whether the submitted manuscript is appropriate for the journal or not. The manuscript will go through a plagiarism check before starting the review process. If deemed suitable for the journal the editor will assign the manuscript to reviewers corresponding to their expertise. Generally, the manuscript is sent to two reviewers; however, the third reviewer will also be assigned in the situation where it is deemed necessary. The reviewers are given two weeks period for reviewing the manuscript. Double-blind peer review is applied for the manuscript submitted. Once the author submits the corrected paper addressing the reviewer's comments, it will be sent to the corresponding reviewers again to decide whether the manuscript has the potential for acceptance. Authors should incorporate all questions or should defend (clarify) reviewers' comments. However, the final decision to accept the paper for publication is taken by the Chief Editor. Editors shall not be involved in making decisions about the paper, if they are the authors of the manuscript or the manuscript is submitted by their family members.

Editorial decisions

Desk rejection: If the submitted manuscript does not strictly follow the guidelines and does not lie in the scope of the journal, editor in chief can apply desk rejection. If the similarity index (SI) and AI index both exceed 10%, the manuscript will be rejected.

Rejection: If the paper is not accepted for publication, then based on the reviewer’s comment, an editor can reject the manuscript.

Major revision: Based on the reviewer’s remark, if the manuscript needs major change, further work may be required to add and justified. Major revision does not ensure the guarantee of acceptance in the final submission.

Minor revision: If reviewer feels to add some more part or page formatting or the submitted, the manuscript is assigned as Minor revision.

Acceptance: After a final editorial check, acceptance is confirmed.

Decline of the paper: After receiving the comments from the reviewers, 2–3 weeks period is provided to authors by editor for correction and refinement. If the time is insufficient, the authors/researchers can ask for some more duration. If editor feels the requirement, he can add some more days. Even within this period, if authors are unable to submit the manuscripts, then the manuscript will be declined or rejected.

Manuscript submission and contact

The manuscript should be submitted through the journal portal after registration and login. https://nepjol.info/index.php/JIST/about/submissions If necessary, authors may contact the editorial office at the following address:

Office of the Chief Editor/Editor

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal

E-mail: journal@iost.tu.edu.np

The decision of the Chief Editor will be final for publishing the manuscripts that have been submitted. The opinions expressed in the manuscripts are the author’s own and do not reflect the publisher's view or the Editorial Board.