सङ्घीयतामा कानुन निर्माणः अवधारणा र अभ्यास {Law making in federalism: concept and practice}
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3126/prashasan.v52i1.44623Keywords:
state and local level, opposite, interrelationship, accountability, autonomy, प्रदेश र स्थानीय तह, अन्तरसम्बन्ध, जवाफदेहिता स्वायत्तताAbstract
सङ्घीयता कुनै यान्त्रिक अवधारणा नभई समाजको सापेक्षता र आवश्यकतामा विकसित, परिमार्जित र परिवर्तित भइरहने मान्यता र प्रणाली भएकोले कानुन र नीति निर्माण एवम् कार्यान्वयनले सङ्घीयताको वास्तविक अभ्यास देखाउँछ। नेपालमा सङ्घीयताको पाँच वर्षको पनि अनुभव नभएकोले यसलाई संस्थागत गर्नको लागि सिद्धान्त र नीति तयगर्ने महत्त्वपूर्ण अवसर अझै छ । सङ्घीयता सङ्घीय एकाइहरूको शक्ति र भूमिकाको लागि होइन, जनताको लागि हो र सङ्घीयताले समग्र राष्ट्रियहितको संरक्षण गर्ने हो भन्ने मान्यताबाट कानुन र नीति निर्माण हुनुपर्ने देखिन्छ । सङ्घीयताको अभ्यासलाई संवैधानिक लोकतन्त्रको परिधिभित्र रही अघि बढाउने दिशामा सङ्घीय एकाइहरूको कानुन निर्माणको कार्यसम्पादनमा विभिन्न प्रश्नहरू उठे पनि पूरै निराशाजनक अवस्थाबनिसकेको होइन। सङ्घीय प्रणालीको कानुन निर्माणलाई संवैधानिक समग्रता,सामाजिक विविधताकोव्यवस्थापन, सङ्घीय एकाइहरूबिचको अन्तरनिरर्भरता, सरकारको जवाफदेहिता, कुशलता तथा राष्ट्रिय एकताको अवधारणाबाट निर्देशित गर्न सक्नुपर्छ । यसका साथै शीघ्र र सुलभ रूपमा आफ्नो नजिकको बिन्दुबाट सेवाप्राप्त गर्ने जनताको अधिकारको लागि सङ्घीयतालाई केन्द्रित गर्नु नेपालको मौलिक आवश्यकता हो ।
{Since federalism is not a mechanical concept but a belief and system that is developed, modified and changed according to the relativity and needs of the society, law and policy formulation and implementation show the real practice of federalism. With less than five years of experience in federalism in Nepal, there is still an important opportunity to formulate principles and policies to institutionalize it. Law and policy should be formulated on the premise that federalism is for the people and not for the power and role of the federal units and that federalism protects the overall national interest. Although various questions have been raised in the law-making process of the federal units in the direction of advancing the practice of federalism within the perimeter of constitutional democracy, the situation has not become completely depressing. Legislation of the federal system should be guided by the concepts of constitutional integrity, management of social diversity, interdependence between federal units, accountability of the government, efficiency and national unity. At the same time, it is a fundamental need of Nepal to focus on federalism for the right of the people to be served quickly and easily from their nearest point.}
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