Biochar, an Eco-friendly Approach for the Treatment of Wastewater
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3126/njes.v12i2.66531Keywords:
Agroindustry by-product, economical, eco-friendly, pathogens, pyrolysis, solidsAbstract
The agroindustry by-products viz., peanut shell, bagasse, corn cob, sawdust, rice and wheat straw, pressmud, etc. are produced in immense quantity which are directly burnt or disposed to the landfills. These agroindustry by-products can be used to make various value-added products. The agroindustry by-product can be used to prepare biochar, and such agroindustry by-product-based biochar can be used for the treatment of wastewater. As wastewater contains pathogens, total dissolved and volatile solids, the treatment of wastewater is very essential, and biochar can be the solution to it. The biochar can be prepared by pyrolysis at a high temperature (700 oC) in a limited supply of oxygen. This use of biochar for the treatment of wastewater is eco-friendly and economical and can be used for various purposes.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, Z., & Gao, B. (2018). Use of fruit and vegetable waste-based biochar for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 12, 1-9.
Ahmed, M., Zhou, J., Ngo, H., Johir, M., & Sornalingam, K. (2018). Sportive removal of phenolic endocrine disruptors by functionalized biochar: Competitive interaction mechanism, removal efficacy, and application in wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 335, 801-811.
Ahmed, J., Thakur, A., & Goyal, A. (2021). Industrial wastewater and its toxic effects. In: Biological treatment of industrial wastewater, (pp. 1-14).doi:10.1039/9781839165399-00001.
Al-Tarawneh, A. (2022). Biochar as a cadmium scavenger in the aquatic environment remediation: Date seeds as raw material. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23, 270-280.
Ambaye, T., Vaccari, M., van Hullebusch, E., Amrane, A., & Rtimi, S. (2021). Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,18,3273-3294.
Anastasi, E., Matthews, B., Gundogdu, A., Vollmerhausen, T., Ramos, N., Stratton, H., Ahmed, W., & Katouli, M. (2010). Prevalence and persistence of Escherichia coli strains with uropathogenic virulence characteristics in sewage treatment plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76, 5882-5886.
Chwastowski, J., Bradlo, D., & Zukowski, W. (2020). Adsorption of cadmium, manganese and lead ions from aqueous solutions using spent coffee grounds and biochar produced by its pyrolysis in the fluidized bed reactor. Materials,13, 2782.https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122782.
Dalahmeh, S., Ahrens, L., Gros, M., Wiberg, K., & Pell, M. (2018). Potential of biochar filters for onsite sewage treatment: Adsorption and biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in laboratory filters with active, inactive and no biofilm. Science of the Total Environment, 612, 192-201.
Gholizadeh, M., & Hu, X. (2021). Removal of heavy metals from soil with biochar composite: A critical review of the mechanism. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9, 105830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105830.
Hall-Stoodley, L., Costerton, J., & Stoodley, P. (2004). Bacterial biofilms: From the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2, 95-108.
Inyang, M., Gao, B., Yao, Y., Xue, Y., Zimmerman, A., Mosa, A., Pullammanappallil, P., Ok, Y., & Cao, X. (2016). A review of biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Engineering, 46, 406-433.
Janu, R., Mrlik, V., Ribitsch, D., Hofman, J., Sedlacek, P., Bielska, L., & Soja, G. (2021). Biochar surface functional groups as affected by biomass feedstock, biochar composition and pyrolysis temperature. Carbon Resources Conversion, 4, 36-46.
Jing, X., Wang, Y., Liu, W., Wang, Y., & Jiang, H. (2014). Enhanced adsorption performance of tetracycline in aqueous solutions by methanol-modified biochar. Chemical Engineering Journal, 248, 168-174.
Li, H., Xiaoling Dong, X., da Silva, E., de Oliveira, L., Chen, Y., & Q Ma, L. (2017). Mechanisms of metal sorption by biochars: Biochar characteristics and modifications. Chemosphere, 178, 466-478.
Liu, Z., Xu, Z., Xu, L., Buyong, F., Chay, T., Li, Z., Cai, Y., Hu, B., Zhu, Y., & Wang, X. (2022). Modified biochar: synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals. Carbon Research, 1, 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-022-00007-3.
Lopez, J., Builes, S., Salgado, M., Tarelho, L., Arroyave, C., Aristizábal, A., & Chavez, E. (2020). Adsorption of cadmium using biochars produced from agro residues. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 124, 14592-14602.
Lu, H., Zhang, W., Yang, Y., Huang, X., Wang, S., & Qiu, R. (2012). Relative distribution of Pb2+sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar. Water Research, 46, 854-862.
Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Ok, Y., & Pittman C, Jr. (2014). Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent - A critical review. Bioresource Technology, 160, 191-202.
Mubarak, N., Alicia, R., Abdullah, E., Sahu, J., Haslija, A., & Tan, J. (2013a). Statistical optimization and kinetic studies on the removal of Zn2+ using functionalized carbon nanotubes and magnetic biochar. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1, 486-495.
Mubarak, N., Ruthiraan, M., Sahu, J., Abdullah, E., Jayakumar, N., Sajuni, N., & Tan, J. (2013b). Adsorption and kinetic study on Sn2+ removal using modified carbon nanotube and magnetic biochar. International Journal of Nanoscience, 12, 1350044. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219581X13500440.
Numberger, D., Ganzert, L., Zoccarato, L., Muhldorfer, K., Sauer, S., Grossart, H., & Greenwood, A. (2019). Characterization of bacterial communities in wastewater with enhanced taxonomic resolution by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. Scientific Reports, 9, 9673.
Osuolale, O., & Okoh, A. (2017). Human enteric bacteria and viruses in five wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 10, 541-547.
Periasamy, D., & Sundaram, A. (2013). A novel approach for pathogen reduction in wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 11, 12.
Sasidharan, S., Torkzaban, S., Bradford, S., Kookana, R., Page, D., & Cook, P. (2016). Transport and retention of bacteria and viruses in biochar-amended sand. Science of the Total Environment, 548-549, 100-109.
Singh, R., Paul, D., & Jain, R. (2006). Biofilms: Implications in bioremediation. Trends in Microbiology, 14, 389-397.
Sizmur, T., Fresno, T., Akgul, G., Frost, H., & Moreno-Jiménez, E. (2017). Biochar modification to enhance sorption of inorganics from water. Bioresource Technology, 246, 34-47.
Stevik, T., Aa, K., Ausland, G., & Hanssen, J. (2004). Retention and removal of pathogenic bacteria in wastewater percolating through porous media: A review. Water Research, 38, 1355-1367.
Tan, X., Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Wang, X., Hu, X., Gu, Y., & Yang, Z. (2015). Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Chemosphere, 125, 70-85.
Tan, X., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Gu, Y., Zeng, G., Hu, X., Wang, X., Liu, S., & Jiang, L. (2017). Biochar as potential sustainable precursors for activated carbon production: Multiple applications in environmental protection and energy storage. Bioresource Technology, 227, 359-372.
Wang, P., Liu, X., Wu, X., Xu, J., Dong, F., & Zheng, Y. (2018). Evaluation of biochars in reducing the bioavailability of flubendiamide in water/sediment using passive sampling with polyoxymethylene. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 344,1000-1006.
Xu, X., Cao, X., Zhao, L., Wang, H., Yu, H., & Gao, B. (2013). Removal of Cu, Zn, and Cd from aqueous solutions by the dairy manure-derived biochar. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 358-368.
Xu, R., Xiao, S., Yuan, J., & Zhao, A. (2011). Adsorption of methyl violet from aqueous solutions by the biochars derived from crop residues. Bioresource Technology, 102, 10293-10298.
Zhou, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, S., Liu, H., Zeng, G., Tan, X., Yang, C., Ding, Y., Yan, Z., & Cai, X. (2017). Sorption performance and mechanisms of arsenic (V) removal by magnetic gelatin modified biochar. Chemical Engineering Journal, 314, 223-231.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
