Ecotourism-led development and its socio-ecological impacts in Gaurishankar Conservation Area

Abstract

Ecotourism in Nepal emerged with a dual focus on conservation and socio-economic development. While its implementation across various regions has brought notable benefits, including improved livelihoods for stakeholders and increased economic opportunities, it also presents environmental and management challenges. This study evaluated the ecological and economic impacts of tourism exploring its necessity for sustainability. By assessing the perspectives of stakeholders, tourists, and local residents, it revealed that although tourism contributes significantly to local development, it also poses serious environmental challenges. These include increased solid waste, the spread of Invasive Alien Plant Species (IAPS), and reduced wildlife sightings. The findings highlight the need for improved sustainable management strategies to balance tourism growth with environmental preservation. This research serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, stakeholders, and communities to adopt practices that support both conservation and responsible tourism development.