Submissions

Author Guidelines

1. About the Journal

The Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) is a peer-reviewed biomedical journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research in Health Sciences including Public Health, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nursing, Laboratory Medicine Clinical Medicine and others. The journal aims to promote scientific knowledge and evidence-based practice at national and international levels. The journal publishes Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Systematic Reviews, Case Reports, Commentary, Meeting Reports and Short Communications.

2. Editorial and Ethical Policies

2.1: Peer Review Policy

The Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) requires that submitted manuscripts are not under consideration by any other journal. Manuscript submission implies on originality, scientific quality, and relevance. All manuscripts undergo a double-blind peer review process.

2.2: Ethical Standards

The journal follows the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Human studies must include ethical approval from an institutional review committee. Written informed consent must be obtained. Clinical trials must be registered as per Ethical Review Board’s regulation.

2.3: Publication Ethics

The journal adheres to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics. Misconduct, including plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, and duplicate publication, will result in rejection or retraction.

3. Checklist

1. Cover letter

2. Title Page and Authorship Page

3. Blinded Manuscript file

4. Ethical approval Letter

5. Informed consent form (For Case Report)

6. Declaration

7. Reporting Guideline

3.1: Covering letter

The cover letter should be prepared as a separate Microsoft Word document addressed to the Editor-in-Chief. It should explain any deviation from the standard IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) format and highlight the importance and originality of the work.

The first author must sign the cover letter, confirming that all authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript, and that the work is not under consideration elsewhere nor previously published (this restriction does not apply to abstracts presented at scientific conferences).

3.2: Title Page

Include the manuscript title, author details, and corresponding author information. Provide each author’s full name (first name, middle name if applicable, and last name), institutional affiliation, ORCID ID, and email address.

3.3: Manuscript File

The manuscript file should be blinded (Without information of authors and their affiliation) and prepared in OpenOffice or Microsoft Word format without password protection or locking. It should begin with the title page, abstract, and main text arranged in IMRAD format. The manuscript must be written in English (either UK or US style, used consistently throughout), using Times New Roman font in normal style. The manuscript title should be in 14-point bold font, subheadings in 12-point bold, and main text in 12-point font with single-line spacing. References should follow the Vancouver referencing style. Original articles should follow the IMRAD structure, while other article types may follow their respective appropriate formats.

3.4: Ethical approval letter: For Research Article

3.5: Informed Consent Form (patient consent): Mandatory for Case report

3.6: Declaration

3.7: Reporting guideline checklist: Authors must follow appropriate reporting guidelines when preparing health research manuscripts, in line with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and resources from the EQUATOR Network.

A completed checklist (and flow diagram, where applicable) for the relevant guideline must be submitted with the manuscript, indicating the page number for each item. Authors should ensure that all checklist items are addressed in the manuscript or provide justification for any omissions.

Use of reporting guidelines (e.g., CONSORT, STROBE) is mandatory to improve transparency, completeness, and quality of reporting, and to facilitate peer review. Checklists should be uploaded as supplementary files during submission.

Authors are encouraged to consult the EQUATOR database to identify all relevant guidelines; more than one guideline may be required depending on the study design.

Selection of Reporting Guidelines

Authors must use appropriate reporting guidelines based on study design:

Protocols:
Use SPIRIT for clinical trials and PRISMA-P for systematic reviews.

Reviews:
Use PRISMA for systematic reviews/meta-analyses, MOOSE for observational reviews, and ENTREQ for qualitative reviews.

Animal research:
Use ARRIVE (laboratory studies) or REFLECT.

Qualitative/descriptive studies:
Use COREQ, SRQR, or CARE (SCARE for surgical cases).

Diagnostic/prognostic research:
Use STARD,REMARK, or TRIPOD.

Intervention studies (human):

Use CONSORT for randomized trials, STROBE for observational studies, and TREND where randomization is not used. Use TIDieR for detailed intervention reporting and CHEERS for cost-effectiveness analyses.

4. Submission Process:

Manuscripts intended for publication at Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) should be submitted through the journal’s official online submission system available at https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JMMIHS/about/submissions.

Authors are required to upload all necessary documents during submission, including a blinded manuscript file without author identification, a separate title page containing author details, affiliations, ORCID information, and corresponding author details, and a cover letter stating the significance of the work and confirming originality and ethical compliance. All submissions must strictly follow the journal’s formatting and ethical guidelines to ensure smooth processing and peer review.

5. Publication fees:

The Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) does not charge any article processing or publication fees. This open-access model ensures wider dissemination of scientific knowledge without financial burden on authors.

6. Peer Review Process:

All manuscripts submitted to the JMMIHS undergo a rigorous peer review process to ensure quality, originality, and relevance. First, the editorial team screens submissions for suitability, scope, and compliance with journal guidelines. Eligible manuscripts are then sent for double-blind peer review, where both authors and reviewers remain anonymous. Usually, one to three independent experts evaluate the manuscript based on scientific quality, methodology, clarity, ethics, and contribution to the field. Based on reviewers’ feedback, the editor may accept, reject, or request minor or major revisions. Authors must respond to comments point-by-point and resubmit within the given timeframe. The final decision is made by the editorial board, ensuring fairness, transparency, and academic integrity.

7. Copyright and Licensing

The Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) follows an open-access policy, allowing free and unrestricted access to all published articles. Articles are published under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided proper credit is given to the original authors and source. This ensures wide dissemination of research while maintaining appropriate authorship recognition.

8. Plagiarism and AI-Generated Content Policy

Plagiarism Policy: The Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity and ethical publication practices. All manuscripts submitted to the journal will undergo plagiarism screening using recognized plagiarism detection software before peer review and final acceptance. Authors must ensure that their submitted work is original and has not been copied, wholly or partially, from previously published sources without proper citation and acknowledgment. Any form of plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate paraphrasing, is considered unethical and unacceptable. The Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) accepts manuscripts with an overall similarity index of less than 15–20%, excluding references, commonly used phrases, and methodological descriptions. Manuscripts exceeding the acceptable similarity limit may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected at the discretion of the editorial board. If plagiarism or research misconduct is identified at any stage before or after publication, the journal reserves the right to reject, retract, or remove the article and notify the concerned institutions or authorities if necessary.

Artificial Intelligence Generated Content Policy: The Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (JMMIHS) recognizes the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing and research support. Authors may use AI-based tools only for limited purposes such as language editing, grammar correction, formatting assistance, or improving readability. However, AI tools must not replace human scientific judgment, interpretation, analysis, or authorship responsibilities. AI tools, including but not limited to Grok, Claude, DeepSeek, ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, or other generative AI systems, must not be listed as authors or co-authors, as they cannot take responsibility for the integrity, originality, and accuracy of the work. Authors are required to disclose the use of any AI-assisted technology in the preparation of the manuscript within the acknowledgment or methods section, clearly stating the purpose for which the tool was used.

The authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy and originality of all content; Proper citation of sources; Ethical compliance of the research; Avoidance of fabricated, misleading, or biased information generated by AI tools. The editorial board reserves the right to reject manuscripts containing inappropriate, undisclosed, or excessive AI-generated content that compromises scientific integrity or academic authenticity.

9. Contact Information:

Journal Office, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences

Soalteemode, Kathmandu, Nepal

Email: jmmihs@mmihs.edu.np

Website: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JMMIHS

10. Manuscript Formatting Guidelines

9.1. File format: The manuscript should be prepared in OpenOffice or Microsoft Word format and must not be locked or password-protected. It should be written in English (either UK or US style, used consistently throughout the document). The text should use Times New Roman font in normal style, with the manuscript title in 14-point bold, subheadings in 12-point bold, and main text in 12-point font. The manuscript must be single-spaced.

9.2. Tables and Figures: All illustrations, figures, and tables should be embedded within the text at appropriate locations, rather than placed at the end of the document. The maximum limit for the number of images and tables is six for each. Data should not be repeated in the table and images.

9.3. Word limit:

i. Research/Original article: Up to 2,500 words excluding references (up to 30) and abstract (up to 250).

ii. Review Article: Up to 3000 words excluding references (50 -100) and abstract (300).

iii: Systematic Review Article:  Up to 5000 words excluding references (50-100) and abstract (400).

iv: Short Communication: Relevant and contemporary articles with abstract and references, maximum 1000 words.

v: Case Report: Up to 1000 words excluding references (up to 10) and abstract (up to 100), up to three photographs. Informed written consent from the patient is mandatory.

vi: Viewpoint: Up to 800 words excluding reference (up to 10 references).

vii: Event Reports: Up to 1000 words excluding references (Workshop and Conference and others).

viii: Letter to the Editor: Up to 400 words (up to 10 references).

9.4. In Text-Citation: Manuscript must follow the NLM/Vancouver referencing Style in accordance with the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). In- text citation, references should be cited in the text using Arabic numerals in superscript, numbered consecutively in the order of first appearance. Citation numbers should be placed after the full stop (period) or relevant punctuation. Multiple references should be separated by commas (e.g., ^1,3,5) or given as a range where appropriate (e.g., ^10-14).

9.5. Reference List: In the reference list, references should be numbered consecutively according to their order of citation in the text. Each reference must follow the Vancouver style, including authors’ surnames and initials (list up to six authors, followed by et al. if more), article title, abbreviated journal name as per Index Medicus, year of publication, volume number, issue number (if applicable), and page numbers. Page numbers should begin with “p.” followed by a space (e.g., p. 123, p. 123-9), and repeated digits should be omitted where appropriate (e.g., p. 131-9 instead of p. 131-139). Include URL and DOI wherever applicable.

9.5.1. JOURNAL ARTICLES

i. Print Journal Article

Format: Author AA, Author BB. Article title. Journal title. year;volume(issue):pages.

Example: Smith J, Lee P. Antibiotic resistance patterns in E. coli. J Clin Microbiol. 2021;59(4):120-6.

ii. Online Journal Article

Format: Author AA, Author BB. Article title. Journal title. year;volume(issue):pages. url. Doi.

Provide the URL of the database or journal homepage if it is not freely available (for example, access is not free when a login is required). When a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) number is available for the journal article place it after the URL.

Example 1: Lamichhane A, Gautam D, Khadka A, Bista S, Khanal S, Joshi G, Bista P, Acharya A, Gautam S, Thakur RK, Bhatt MP. Metabolic Syndrome and Aggravated Cardiometabolic Parameters among Nepalese Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences. 2025 Dec 16;10(2):29-32. https://nepjol.info/index.php/JMMIHS/article/view/86842. https://doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v10i2.86842

9.5.2. BOOK WITH SINGLE AUTHOR

Format for referencing book: Author AA. Book title. Edition number. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year.

Example: Anderson NC. Brave new brain: conquering mental illness in the era of the genome. Oxford (GB): Oxford University

9.5.3. BOOK WITHOUT AUTHOR:

Format: Title. Edition number. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year.

Example: Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary. 10^th ed. Springfield (MA): Merriam Webster; 1993.

9.5.4. EDITED BOOK

Example: Carven I, editor. Australian cinema in the 1990s. London (GB): Frank Cass; 2001.

9.5.5. CHAPTER OR ARTICLE IN BOOK

Example: Knowles MS. Using learning contracts. San Francisco (CA): Jjossey-Bass; 1986. Chapter 4, Independent study; p. 73-90.

9.5.6. E-BOOK:

Example: Storey KB. Functional metabolism regulation and adaptation [Internet]. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2004 [cited 2009 May 2]. Available from: https://www.ebscohost.com/ebooks

9.5.7. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (AVAILABLE IN PRINT)

Example: Berkovic N. Handouts may not be sent: tax office seeks quick resolution of High Court challenge. The Australian. 2009 March 31:5.

9.5.8. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (FROM ELECTRONIC DATABASE)

Example: Wentworth WC. Why we need a permanent base on the moon. The Sydney Morning Herald [Internet]. 1984 Jan 24 [cited 2008 Dec 19]: 11. Available from: https://archives.smh.com.au

9.5.9. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS AND SYMPOSIUMS, CONFERENCE PAPERS

Example: Chang SS, Liaw L, Ruppenhofer J, editors. Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley (CA): Berkeley Linguistics Society; 2000.

Example: Rice AS, Farquhar-Smith WP, Bridges D, Brooks JW. Canabinoids and pain. In: Dostorovsky JO, Carr DB, Koltzenburg M, editors. Proceedings of the 10^th World Congress on Pain; 2002 Aug 17-22; San Diego, CA. Seattle (WA): IASP press; 2003. P.437-68.

9.5.10. GOVERNMENT REPORT

Example: Department of Health and Ageing. Ageing and Aged care in Australia [Internet]. Canberra (AU): Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing; 2008 [cited 2008 Nov 10]. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/ageing

9.5.11. IMAGE FROM A DATABASE

Example: Anatomy.tv.3D real time, thorax [Internet]. London (GB): Informa UK Ltd; c2020. [Image], Valves of the Heart; [cited 2020 Apr 28]. Available from: https://www.anatomy.tv/.

[Caption: If the image is included in the assignment, a caption needs to be added under the image. The caption includes a figure number, title of the image (if the image is modified it will require an ‘Adapted from’ statement preceding the title), a reference number which corresponds with the source in the reference list, and a brief description of any modifications. For e.g.: Figure 1: Adapted from Valves of the heart¹⁵ by addition of labels.

9.5.12. THESIS

Example: Fayadh KH. The legal regulation of assisted reproductive technology in Iraq: lessons from the Australian approach [dissertation on the Internet]. [Penrith (AU)]: Western Sydney University; 2015 [cited 2015 Nov 24]. Available from: https://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:32383

9.5.13. VIDEO FROM INTERNET

Example: Norton R. How to train a cat to operate a light switch [video on the Internet]. 2006 Nov 4 [cited 2021 Jun 2]; [6 min]. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs

9.5.14. PODCAST (ON THE INTERNET)

Example: Atkin MH. Bermaguti forest disputed turf. The Hack Half Hour [Internet]. Sydney (AU): ABC; 2008 Nov 13 [cited 2009 Apr 2]. Podcast: 30 min. Available from: https://www.abc.au/triplej/hack/notes/.

9.5.15. WEB PAGE:

i. Document on the internet with author and date

Example: Este J, Warren C, Connor L, Brown M, Pollard R, O’ Corner T. Life in the clickstream: the future of journalism [Internet]. Redfern (AU): Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance; 2008 [cited 2009 May 27]. Available from: http://www.allaince.org.au/documents/foj_report_final.pdf

ii. Document on the internet without author and date

Example: Developing an argument [Internet]. New Jersey (NJ): Princeton writing Centre; [cited 2009 Mar 30]. Available from http://web.princeton.edu/cites/writing_center?WCWritingResources.html

[Note: If the webpage includes a date of revision or update, include the date along with the cited date within square brackets [updated 2009 Jan 15; cited 2009 May 27]

9.5.16. LECTURE (UNPUBLISHED) PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Note: When you cite information spoken about in a lecture that has gone unpublished it is treated as a personal communication and you do not need to provide a reference list entry. Provide all information in text. Include the nature and source of the information followed by ‘unreferenced’ in parentheses.

For example: H. Dwyer stated that “neutrons are dangerous” (H0379 Lecture, Western Sydney University, 2016 Jan 10; unreferenced).

9.5.17. LEGISLATION

Title Year (Jurisdiction Abbreviation) Pinpoint. Enter the short title of the Act in italics Year in italics (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint reference to relevant section if applicable.

For example: National Cancer Screening Act 2016 (CTH) s9.

[Note: Writing format In text: Section 9 of the National Cancer Screening Act 2016 (CTH) 25 states that…….)