Submissions

Author Guidelines

Instructions for Authors: JMCJMS Submission Guidelines

The Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (JMCJMS), bearing ISSN 2091-2242 (Print) and 2091-2358 (Online), is a peer-reviewed triannual biomedical journal that publishes original articles, review articles, case reports, letters to the editor, and book reviews etc with different sections in medicine and health sciences.  All submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous peer-review process by subject experts prior to consideration for publication.

Submission of a manuscript implies that the work has not been previously published and is not under consideration by any other journal. Any form of duplicate submission or dual publication is considered a serious breach of publication ethics and will result in immediate rejection of the manuscript. Such violations may also lead to restrictions on future submissions from the concerned author(s).

All published articles, including their accompanying illustrations and materials, become the property of JMCJMS unless explicit rights are reserved prior to publication. The journal does not assume responsibility for the accuracy of data or statements made by the authors; all content and any false reporting remain the sole responsibility of the respective author(s).

Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals,” developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Submissions should be written in clear, concise, and grammatically correct English and addressed to the Editor-in-Chief/Executive Editor.

Mandatory Submission Requirements:

Authors must ensure that all required documents and declarations are submitted along with the manuscript for consideration of publication.

1. Title Page with all author details (title, manuscript type, affiliations, running title, corresponding author details, and sources of support).
2. Main Manuscript File (anonymized, without author names or identifiers).
3. Structured or unstructured Abstract (as required by article type with JMCJMS guidelines).
4. Keywords (mandatory, 3–6 keywords arranged in alphabetical order).
5. Cover Letter stating originality, contribution, and compliance with journal guidelines.
6. Ethical Approval / Institutional Review Committee (IRC/IRB) approval letter (mandatory, wherever applicable).
7. Informed Consent form (for case reports, case series, clinical images, and identifiable data).
8. Conflict of Interest Disclosure statement.
9. Funding statement / Source of support declaration (if any).
10. Figures and Tables (with captions, properly labelled and submitted separately if required).
11. Permission letters (for copyrighted material or previously published figures/images (if used).
12. References (Vancouver style and must include DOI links for all articles where available, as per author guidelines of JMCJMS strictly)
13. Author agreement Contribution statement (with clearly defining each author’s role, emails and ORCID ID by providing handwritten or valid digital e-signature.
14. Plagiarism / AI Declaration: Submission must be accompanied by an originality declaration, disclosure of AI-assisted tools used (if any), and a plagiarism report specifying the software utilized and overall similarity index (less than 20% excluding references and standard methodological descriptions).
     

Submission Address:

Editor-in-Chief / Executive Editor

Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (JMCJMS)

Department of Research and Publication
Janaki Medical College
Ramdaiya, Janakpurdham, Nepal

Email: jmcjmsjanakimedicalcollege@gmail.com

Manuscript Submission Policy

JMCJMS accepts manuscript submissions via official E-Mail and/or the designated online submission system. Each submission must be accompanied by a covering letter clearly stating the manuscript title, full names of all authors, designation, institutional affiliations, valid email addresses of all authors, and complete details of the corresponding author. For studies involving human participants or animals, a valid ethical approval letter from the relevant Institutional Review Committee must be submitted at the time of manuscript submission. Manuscripts without ethical clearance, where applicable, will not be considered for review.

Upon successful receipt of the complete submission package, an acknowledgment email will be sent to the corresponding author. The completed author agreement form must also be submitted; digital signatures are acceptable. Only manuscripts fulfilling all submission requirements will proceed to editorial assessment and peer review. Submissions are accepted with the strict understanding that the manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere, has not been previously published, and is not submitted simultaneously to another journal.

Duplicate submission, redundant publication, or any form of publication misconduct will result in immediate rejection. The journal may also impose a ban on future submissions from the authors and notify the concerned institution for necessary investigation. JMCJMS reserves the right to take appropriate action against ethical violations, including retraction of published work and issuance of formal notices, in order to maintain scientific integrity and publication ethics.

Plagiarism, Originality, and AI-Assisted Content Policy

JMCJMS is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity and publication ethics. Submitted manuscripts must be original, properly cited, and free from plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, data falsification, and other forms of research misconduct. Any use of AI-assisted tools must be transparently disclosed at the time of submission. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of all submitted content, including AI-assisted material.

AI tools may be used only for language polishing, grammar correction and improving readability under strict human supervision. AI must not be used for generating fabricated data or results, creating or verifying citations, drafting complete manuscripts without human oversight, producing misleading scientific or clinical content, or concealing its use in any form. All intellectual content must be independently created, critically reviewed, verified, and approved by the human authors, who bear full responsibility for the integrity of the manuscript.

All manuscripts undergo plagiarism and similarity screening. Suspected cases of plagiarism, undisclosed AI-generated content, or other ethical violations will be investigated by the Editorial Board and may result in rejection, retraction, notification of the authors’ affiliated institution, and a submission ban for a minimum of three years. JMCJMS adheres to the recommendations and principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and other internationally accepted standards of research and publication ethics.

Peer review Process

All manuscripts submitted to JMCJMS undergo an initial editorial screening to assess suitability, scientific quality, originality, ethical compliance, plagiarism, and adherence to the journal’s submission guidelines. The Editorial Office reserves the right to request additional documents, clarifications, or revisions from the authors before further processing. Manuscripts with plagiarism, ethical concerns, poor scientific quality, inadequate originality, major methodological flaws, or those outside the scope of JMCJMS will be rejected at the preliminary stage.

Manuscripts meeting the journal requirements are processed through a double-blind peer review system and are generally sent to at least two independent expert reviewers. The Editorial Board reserves the full right to select, invite, replace, or reject reviewers at any stage of the review process. Reviewers are required to disclose any conflict of interest and maintain strict confidentiality of the manuscript.

In-house submissions authored by Editors, Editorial Board members, or affiliated individuals are handled independently by editors with no conflict of interest to ensure impartiality and transparency in the review process. Reviewers are normally requested to submit their review reports within the stipulated review period. However, delays may occur due to reviewer availability, withdrawal, or the need for additional expert opinions. The journal does not guarantee a fixed review timeline. Based on reviewers’ comments, editorial assessment, scientific merit, and compliance with journal standards, the Editor-in-Chief/Executive Editor may decide to accept, reject, or request minor/major revisions of the manuscript. The decision of the Editorial Board shall be final.

Proof Correction and Pre-Publication Process

After acceptance, the corresponding author will receive an official acceptance notification from JMCJMS. Accepted manuscripts may undergo editorial editing, copyediting, formatting, and language correction to improve clarity, consistency, grammar, punctuation, and journal style without altering the scientific content or intended meaning of the manuscript. Original articles and review articles are generally evaluated by at least two independent reviewers before final editorial decision. Following completion of editorial and production processes, the pre-publication PDF gallery proof (JMCJMS Author PDF proof) will be sent electronically to the corresponding author for final approval.

Authors are required to:

• Carefully review the proof for typographical or minor corrections only;
• Respond to all editorial queries;
• Avoid major modifications, including changes in data, results, authorship, title, or scientific content at this stage; and
• Return the corrected proof with final confirmation within 48 hours of receipt.

Failure to return the corrected proof or provide final approval within the stipulated time may result in delay, postponement, withdrawal, or cancellation of publication at the discretion of the Editorial Office. The final publication decision shall remain with the Executive Editor of JMCJMS.

Rejection Policy

Manuscripts that do not meet the scientific, ethical, or editorial standards of JMCJMS will be rejected in accordance with the journal’s publication policy. Grounds for rejection include, but are not limited to, poor scientific quality, lack of originality, ethical violations, plagiarism, policy non-compliance, or unfavorable recommendations from peer reviewers and/or editorial assessment. The final decision regarding rejection rests with the Editorial Board, with decision-making authority vested in the Editor-in-Chief/Executive Editor.

The corresponding author will be formally informed of the rejection decision. Where applicable, relevant reviewer comments may be shared to support transparency and guide future improvement. Rejected manuscripts, along with submitted materials, will not be returned. Resubmission of manuscripts that have been substantially rejected may not be considered for further review at the discretion of the journal.

Appeal process

Authors may submit an appeal against a rejection decision by sending a formal written request to the Editorial Office of JMCJMS within the specified period after rejection notification. The appeal must clearly address the reviewer/editorial comments, provide scientific justification for reconsideration, and include point-by-point responses with supporting evidence where applicable.

Submission of an appeal does not guarantee reconsideration or acceptance. The Editor-in-Chief/Executive Editor reserves the full right to accept or reject the appeal and to decide whether the manuscript will undergo further editorial assessment or additional peer review. The decision of the journal shall be final and binding.

Complains

Complaints regarding scientific content, peer-review process, review bias, publication delay, authorship disputes, or publication ethics must be submitted to the Editorial Office of JMCJMS through official email communication with valid supporting evidence. The complaint must include the complainant’s full name, affiliation, and contact details. Anonymous, incomplete, defamatory, or unsupported complaints will not be entertained.

The Editor-in-Chief/Executive Editor will review the complaint and decide the appropriate course of action with discussion in Editorial Board.  The journal reserves the right to reject complaints lacking sufficient evidence and may take disciplinary action against misuse of the complaint process, including restriction of future submissions or communications with the journal.

Manuscript Withdrawal Policy

Authors are strongly encouraged to submit manuscripts only when they are fully prepared for publication consideration. Withdrawal of a manuscript after submission causes unnecessary use of editorial and peer-review resources; therefore, strict withdrawal regulations are applied.

1. Withdrawal Before Peer Review

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before the peer-review process begins by submitting a formal written request signed by the corresponding author, clearly stating the reason for withdrawal.

2. Withdrawal During Peer Review

Once the manuscript has entered the peer-review process, withdrawal requests will be considered only under exceptional circumstances. A detailed justification must be provided by the authors. The Editorial Board reserves the right to approve or reject the request.

3. Withdrawal After Acceptance

Withdrawal of a manuscript after editorial acceptance is strongly discouraged and will generally not be permitted except in cases involving serious scientific errors, ethical concerns, or other unavoidable circumstances supported by valid evidence.

4. Unauthorized Withdrawal

Failure to respond to editorial communications or submitting the same manuscript to another journal without obtaining formal withdrawal approval from the journal will be considered unethical publication practice.

5. Penalty for Unethical Withdrawal

In cases of unethical or unjustified withdrawal, the journal reserves the right to impose one or more of the following penalties:

• Temporary restriction on new submissions from the authors for a period of 1–3 years;
• Blacklisting of the authors from future publication consideration in the journal;
• Notification to the authors’ affiliated institution, department, or funding agency if deemed necessary;
• Rejection of any other manuscripts currently under consideration by the same authors; and
• Publication of a notice regarding unethical withdrawal if serious misconduct is identified.

6. Withdrawal Procedure

All withdrawal requests must:

• Be submitted through official email communication;
• Include manuscript title, manuscript ID, and detailed reason for withdrawal; and
• Be approved by all co-authors.

A manuscript will be considered officially withdrawn only after written confirmation is issued by the Editorial Office.

Authorship Criteria

 An ‘author’ is someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a study.
In accordance with ICMJE guidelines (www.icmje.org), authorship credit requires all the following conditions to be met.

All authors whose names appear on the submission

1. made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work;
2. drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content;
3. approved the version to be published; and
4. agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All authors should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. All authors must sign an undertaking accepting responsibility for the submitted manuscript. Authors are required to state their exact contribution to the study; the Journal may print this information. The order of authorship should be decided by all the authors. The journal strongly discourages alterations in the sequence or deletion/addition of authors at any time after submission of the manuscript.

Affiliation

Each author's principal affiliation should to be the organization where the majority of their work was completed. It may also provide the author's current address if they have since moved. After the article is published, addresses won't be updated or modified.

Role of the Corresponding Author

As the Corresponding Author, one author represents all of the authors and makes sure that any concerns about the accuracy or integrity of any component of the work are duly addressed. They also handle all correspondence between the Journal and the co-authors, both before and after publication. A Contact or Submitting Author may be assigned the responsibility of overseeing all correspondence between the journal and each co-author during the submission and proofing stage. In this instance, please make sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in the manuscript.

Changes to Authorship

Authors are strongly advised that authors ensure that the author group, corresponding author, and author order are correct at the time of submission. All authors must consent to any modifications made to the list of authors after it has been submitted, including rearranging the authors' order or adding or removing authors. After a submission is accepted, changes to the authorship including adding or removing authors, altering the corresponding author, or changing the order in which authors appear are not allowed. At the revision stage, adding or removing authors is usually not allowed, though there are several circumstances in which it might be justified. The editorial office should be notified right away of the explanations and changes in authorship for these modifications. The decision to approve the modification during revision remains with the Editor-in-chief/Executive Editor.

Disclosures and declarations

Public health and general welfare may be affected by work submitted for publication; in such circumstances, it is the duty of all authors to provide the necessary disclosures and declarations. Information about funding sources, financial and non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the relevant ethics committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the research involved human participants, and, if appropriate, a statement on animal welfare are all requested to be included by all authors.

Author Identification Policy

Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (JMCJMS) strongly encourages all authors to provide a valid ORCID iD during manuscript submission. ORCID provides a unique and persistent digital identifier that ensures accurate author identification, enhances transparency, and supports international standards of scholarly communication.

Authors are also required to provide their full name, institutional affiliation, and an official institutional email address wherever available. The use of personal email addresses is permitted; however, institutional email addresses are preferred to ensure authenticity and traceability.

Author identification details must be accurate and consistent with international authorship standards to avoid ambiguity and ensure proper attribution of scholarly work. The journal follows globally accepted best practices for author identification and metadata standardization in accordance with modern publishing guidelines.

Author Contribution Statement

For all submitted manuscripts, including original research, review articles, case reports, and other article types, authors must provide a clear Author Contribution Statement. This statement should specify the individual contributions of each author to the conception, design, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, drafting, critical revision, and final approval of the manuscript.

Authorship credit should be based on substantial contributions in accordance with internationally accepted authorship criteria (e.g., ICMJE guidelines). All listed authors must take public responsibility for the content and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

The contribution statement must be included in the manuscript at the time of submission and will be published alongside the article if accepted.

Authorship disputes

JMCJMS follows internationally recognized publication ethics standards, including COPE and ICMJE guidelines, and applies a strict institutional ethics-based approach to authorship integrity.

In the event of an authorship dispute arising at any stage of manuscript processing (submission, peer review, acceptance, or post-publication), the journal will not act as an arbitrator or adjudicator of authorship claims. Responsibility for resolving such disputes rests primarily with the authors and their respective institutions, in line with international best practices.

All authors are expected to have agreed on authorship order, contributions, and responsibilities prior to submission. Any disputes regarding authorship must be resolved at the institutional level in accordance with applicable national research governance frameworks, including guidance from the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Nepal and relevant institutional ethics committees.

If authors fail to resolve the dispute, JMCJMS reserves the right to:

• Suspend or withdraw the manuscript from editorial or peer-review processing; and/or
• In the case of a published article, issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions as appropriate.

Where necessary, the journal may refer the matter to the authors’ affiliated institution(s) for formal investigation and will act in accordance with the institution’s findings and applicable international publication ethics standards.

Types of manuscript and word limits

Original Articles: Original articles should not exceed 5000 words. It should not exceed 24 pages double-spaced typewritten pages, including tables, figures and references.  The references should be limited to 30.  Abstracts should not exceed 300 words.  Manuscripts submitted as original articles that exceed these limits will be returned without review at the discretion of the editorial board. Original Articles should have following headings in its manuscript:

Title, Abstract, Key Words, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement (Not always), References

Title: Title should be short and give an impression of the paper. It should not exceed 30 words.

Abstracts: The abstract should contain the essence of the whole paper and should stand-alone. It should be concise and clear. Please be sure on following points while preparing Abstract of the article:

• Word limits – 300 words
• No abbreviation to be used in abstract
• Structured abstract - into following sub groups:
• Background and Objectives, Methodology, Results, Conclusion

Key Words

Key Words – 3-7 words, arranged in alphabetical order. These words should the follow MeSH list.

Introduction

Provide the context or background of the study. State the purpose or the research objectives of the paper clearly. Do not review the subject extensively and give only pertinent references.

Materials and Methods

The materials and methods section should only include information that was available at the time that the study was planned or the protocol written.  All information obtained during the conduct of the study should be written in the results section.

Selection and Description of Participants

Describe your selection of the observational or experimental participants (patients or laboratory animals, including controls) clearly, including eligibility and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population.  Because the relevance of such variables as age and sex to the object of research is not always clear, authors should explain their use when they are included in a study report. For example, authors should explain why only subjects of certain ages were included or why women were excluded. The guiding principle should be clarity about how and why a study was done in a particular way. When authors use variables such as race or ethnicity, they should define how they measured the variables and justify their relevance.

Technical information

Identify the methods, apparatus (give the manufacturer’s name and address in parentheses), and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Give references to established methods, including statistical methods.  Provide references and brief descriptions for methods that have been published but are not well known. Describe new or substantially modified methods, give reasons for using them and evaluate their limitations. Precisely identify all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s), dose(s), and route(s) of administration.

Ethical issues

Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (JMCJMS) is committed to upholding the highest standards of research, editorial, and publication ethics, and follows international guidelines, procedures, and policies (e.g. Committee of Publication Ethics [COPE], and Office of Research Integrity [ORI]) when dealing with any cases of suspected ethical misconduct. If such cases arise, the journal may share relevant information with necessary third parties (for example, authors’ institutes). All information will be treated in a confidential, factual, and non-judgmental manner. JMCJMS also retain the right to pursue any issues of ethical misconduct even after rejection or withdrawal of a manuscript from the journal. Evidence of approval by a local Ethics Committee (for both human and animal) must be supplied during submission of manuscripts.

Statistics

Describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a reader with access to the original data to verify the reported result. When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). Avoid relying solely on statistical hypothesis testing, such as P values. These fail to convey important information such as the effect of the size of the population. References for the design of the study and statistical methods should be to standard procedures when possible. Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and symbols. Specify the computer software used.

Results

Present your results in a logical sequence in the text, tables, and illustrations, giving the main or most important findings first. Do not repeat all the data of the tables or the illustrations in the text.  When data are summarized in the Results section, give numeric results not only as derivatives (for example percentage), but also the absolute numbers from which the derivatives were calculated. Specify the statistical methods that were used to analyse them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess the supporting data. Use graphs as an alternative to tables that require many entries.  Do not duplicate data in graphs and tables.  Avoid non-technical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as “random” (which implies randomizing device), “normal”, “significant”, “correlations” and “sample”. Where scientifically appropriate, analysis of the data by such variables as age and sex should be included.

Discussion

Emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them.  Do not repeat in detail the data or other information given in the Introduction or the Results section. For experimental studies, it is useful to begin the discussion by briefly summarizing the main findings. Compare and contrast the results with the study, and explore the implications of the findings for future research and for clinical practice.

Conclusion
Link the conclusions with the goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions that are not adequately supported by the data. You can provide the future implications, future direction and limitation of the study too. As other journal, conclusion can also be included in last paragraph of Discussion section.

Acknowledgments
Acknowledgement should state the person(s)/firms that the author is required to acknowledge.

References

The Vancouver system of referencing should be used. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of each reference and for verifying them against the original article. References should be listed in double spacing after the main text. Citations in the text should be indicated using Arabic numerals within square brackets [ ] in the order in which they first appear. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to MEDLINE standards. Inclusion of DOI numbers for all references, wherever available, is compulsory.

Like: text [1, 2, 3].

Examples:

1. Chia RY, Hughes RS, Morgan MK. Magnesium: a useful adjunct in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci 2002; 9:279-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1054/jocn.2001.1039

1. Corbeanu R, Maimuţ D, & Teşeleanu G. Multivariate Polynomial Inference in a Cryptographic Setting. Mathematics, 14(11): 2026; 1903. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math14111903   [for more than six authors, mention first 3 authors followed by et al.]

For Book

Author(s) – Family name and initials, editor. Title of Book. Volume. Publisher: Where published; year published. page(s)

Smith JB, editor. Pathology of the lung. Vol 18 3rd ed. John Green Co: Montreal; 1970. 179pp.

Chapter in a Book

Author(s) – Family name and initials. Title of Chapter, In: Title of Book. Publisher: Where published; year published. page(s).

Brown AB, Green XY.  Jejunal pathology, In: Black CD, White EF, (eds). Gastrointestinal pathology; an introduction. 2nd edn. Raven: New York; 1995. pp 465-469.

For Electronic citations

Author. Title of publication [type of medium – Internet]. Place of publication (if available): Publisher (if available); Date of publication – year month day (supply year if month and day not available) [updated year month day; cited year month day]. Available from: web address.

Clea Japan [homepage on the Internet]. Osaka: Clea Japan, c1999-2004. (Cited 25 November 2004) Inbred animals. Available from: http://www.clea-japan.co.jp/animals/b6-3.htm.

Abbreviations and Symbols

Use only standard abbreviations.  Please refer to Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92: vii-x (1995) for guidance as to which abbreviations are considered standard. Avoid abbreviations in the title. The full term for which an abbreviation stands should precede its first use in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. Do not use abbreviations like @ or & in the text.

Legends

Put tables, charts, and figures at the end of the paper, after references

Use Legends as: Table e.g. (Table 1) and Figure e.g. (Figure 3).

Review Article:  Review articles should provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of current knowledge on a relevant medical or health science topic. The manuscript should not exceed 6000 words or 35 double-spaced pages, including tables, figures, and references. References should preferably be limited to 50; justification is required for additional references. The manuscript should include Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Main Body Text with appropriate headings and subheadings, Discussion, Conclusion, and Future Directions.

Theoretical Research article: A Theoretical or Conceptual Research Article should present a comprehensive scholarly analysis, hypothesis, conceptual framework, critical interpretation, or evidence-based discussion relevant to medical and health sciences. The manuscript should provide scientific insight with clear academic and clinical relevance. The manuscript should generally not exceed 6000 words excluding abstract, tables, figures, and references. A maximum of 35 double-spaced typed pages, including tables, figures, and references, is recommended. Tables and figures should be limited to those essential for clarity and scientific understanding. The number of references should ordinarily be limited to 50; however, additional references may be permitted if scientifically justified. The “Conclusion” and “Future Directions” sections are mandatory.

Case report:  A case report focuses on a unique, rare, or novel presentation, diagnosis, treatment, or complication in one individual, often highlighting an important learning point or hypothesis generation. Case reports should present novel, rare, or clinically significant findings relevant to medical practice. Reports involving new or emerging technologies will receive special consideration. The manuscript should not exceed 2500 words or 10 double-spaced pages, including tables, figures, and references. The abstract should not exceed 200 words. References should preferably be limited to 15 and figures to 3; justification is required for additional references or figures. The manuscript should include Abstract, Keywords, Introduction/Background, Case Presentation, Discussion, Conclusion, and References. Authors are encouraged to follow CARE reporting guidelines. Written informed patient consent is mandatory. Manuscripts not conforming to these guidelines may be returned without review.

Case Series: Case series report a group of related clinical cases with common characteristics, outcomes, or interventions, providing insight into emerging diseases, novel presentations, or treatment responses. Submissions should be clinically relevant, methodologically clear, and ethically conducted with appropriate patient consent and confidentiality.

Manuscripts should typically not exceed 3000–3500 words. A structured abstract of 200–250 words is required, including Background, Case Series Description, Methods, Key Findings, and Conclusion. Authors are encouraged to follow internationally accepted reporting standards such as CARE guidelines and relevant observational study guidelines where applicable.

References should follow Vancouver style and should preferably not exceed 25–30, with justification required for additional references. Ethical approval and informed consent must be obtained and clearly stated where applicable.

Clinical Images: Clinical Images present high-quality, educational visual material that illustrates important clinical findings, rare conditions, classical presentations, or diagnostically significant features in medicine and related health sciences. Images should be accompanied by a brief clinical description emphasizing diagnostic relevance and learning value.

Manuscripts should not exceed 800–1000 words. No abstract is required. A brief title and concise explanatory text are mandatory. References should preferably be limited to 3–5 and should follow Vancouver style.

Submissions must include high-resolution clinical images with appropriate labelling. Ethical approval and written informed consent from the patient (or legal guardian) are mandatory, and images must be de-identified to ensure patient confidentiality.

Authors are encouraged to follow internationally accepted standards for clinical image publication, including COPE ethical guidelines, patient privacy regulations, and best practices for medical imaging consent and publication ethics

Editorials: Editorials should provide concise, authoritative commentary on current issues in medicine, healthcare, research, public health, or topics of relevance to the journal, offering critical interpretation and future directions. Editorials for JMCJMS are primarily written by Editorial Board members of JMCJMS or invited experts. In special cases, submissions from other qualified authors with strong academic or professional expertise may be considered at the discretion of the editors.

Manuscripts should generally not exceed 2500 words. A list of keywords (5-6) is mandatory. No abstract is required. References should preferably be limited to 10–15. If these limits are exceeded, authors must provide a clear justification and obtain prior approval from the Editor-in-Chief/Executive Editor, with specific reasons for the deviation.

Letters to the editor: Letters to the Editor should provide concise and constructive comments on previously published articles or address new clinically relevant findings, brief observations, or important scientific or public health issues of immediate relevance to medical/health practice. They should not report preliminary findings that require full validation in a separate research article. The word limit should not exceed 500 words, with a maximum of 5 references and minimal or no tables and figures. An abstract is generally not required unless specified by the journal. A Letter to the Editor must include a title, main text, references, author details with correspondence information, and declarations of conflict of interest and funding where applicable.

Training / Workshop / Event Report: Training reports should describe workshops, training programs, or academic events relevant to medicine, research, or health sciences, focusing on educational value and outcomes. The manuscript should be approximately 2500–3000 words (excluding references) and should include background, objectives, program structure and schedule, key highlights and outcomes, discussion of relevance, conclusion, acknowledgements, and references. Photographs may be included with appropriate consent where applicable. References should preferably not exceed 5. Authors are encouraged to follow internationally accepted reporting and ethical standards, including the EQUATOR Network guidelines for research reporting where applicable, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) principles for training involving clinical content, and institutional ethical and consent requirements for publication of participant-related materials.

Medical Education: Articles in this section should not exceed 3000 words (excluding references) and must include a structured abstract of up to 300 words. References should not exceed 25 and up to two tables or figures are permissible. Submissions should demonstrate methodological rigor, conceptual clarity, and alignment with internationally accepted standards for educational research, including relevant EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines where applicable (e.g., SQUIRE for quality improvement in education). Authors are informed that manuscripts submitted to the Medical Education section should address contemporary issues in medical education, emerging evidence and innovations, as well as relevant policies that are supported by robust scientific evidence. Submissions must provide a clear, scholarly, and compelling contribution that advances medical education practice, research, or policy at institutional, national, or international levels.

Medical ethics: This section includes articles (approximately 2000–2500 words) addressing ethical, moral, and medico-legal issues in clinical practice, medical research, public health, and health policy. Topics may include informed consent, patient confidentiality, professional conduct, research ethics, end-of-life care, and ethical challenges in emerging medical technologies, as well as relevant legal issues in medicine. References should preferably not exceed 15, with justification required for additional references. Manuscripts should follow internationally accepted standards such as the Declaration of Helsinki, ICMJE recommendations, and other relevant ethical guidelines, and must demonstrate clear scholarly and practical relevance to contemporary medical ethics.

Medical Humanities: This section publishes critical and scholarly articles (2500–3000 words) that engage with contemporary interdisciplinary scholarship at the intersection of medicine, humanities, and social sciences. Submissions should explore how social, cultural, economic, political, and philosophical dimensions shape medicine as both a practice and a field of inquiry.

Topics suitable for publication include epidemics and disease narratives, history of medicine, cultures and practices of healthcare, disability studies, gender and the body, patient experience, communities in crisis, bioethics, health policy, and the social determinants of health, as well as the relationship between public health and society. Articles may also address medical education from a humanities perspective and critical reflections on healthcare systems and lived experiences of illness.

Manuscripts should include an unstructured abstract of up to 200 words. References should preferably not exceed 20. Authors are encouraged to follow relevant internationally accepted scholarly and ethical standards, including appropriate qualitative research reporting guidelines (such as COREQ or equivalent where applicable), and ensure academic rigor, critical depth, and interdisciplinary relevance.

Policy Articles: Policy articles present critical analysis, evaluation, or discussion of health policy, healthcare systems, regulation, or governance relevant to medicine and public health. Submissions should provide evidence-informed recommendations with clear relevance to national or international health policy and practice. Eligible authors include clinicians, researchers, academics, public health professionals, and policy-makers with relevant expertise in health policy, health systems, or related disciplines.

Manuscripts should typically be 3000–4000 words. An unstructured abstract of 200–250 words is required. References not exceed 30–40, with justification required for additional references.

Short Communications:  Short Communications are concise scientific reports (1500–2000 words) intended to rapidly communicate novel findings, preliminary but scientifically sound results, methodological innovations, or clinically relevant observations of interest to readers in medicine and medical sciences. The manuscript should be structured as Introduction, Objectives, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusion. No abstract is required. The number of tables and figures should not exceed three in total, and the editorial team reserves the right to determine their necessity and suitability for publication. Authors are encouraged to follow internationally accepted reporting standards appropriate to the study design, including relevant EQUATOR Network guidelines (such as STROBE for observational studies, CONSORT for randomized trials where applicable, and CARE for brief clinical reports), along with standard ethical requirements for human and animal research where applicable. Submissions should ensure scientific rigor, clarity, and ethical compliance.

Perspectives: These section articles (3500–4000 words) provide a scholarly platform for authors to present novel ideas, critical analysis, and informed viewpoints on contemporary issues, controversies, and emerging trends in medicine and health sciences. Submissions should be intellectually rigorous, evidence-informed, and clearly reasoned, while allowing the expression of expert opinion grounded in scientific literature.

The manuscript should include a structured abstract and a clearly defined main body addressing the topic with logical arguments and critical discussion. An “Expert Opinion” section of at least 700 words is mandatory prior to the references, providing in-depth interpretation and authoritative insight. References should preferably not exceed 30.

Authors are encouraged to ensure that perspectives are balanced, well-supported by current evidence, and aligned with internationally accepted scholarly and publication ethics standards, including appropriate citation practices and transparency in potential conflicts of interest.

Innovations Corner: This section publishes concise reports (1500–2400 words) describing innovations in healthcare delivery, clinical practice, education, or health systems processes, with emphasis on feasibility, implementation, outcomes, and transferability to other settings. Submissions should highlight solutions to common challenges faced by patients, healthcare teams, and institutions, and clearly describe the process of innovation, key factors for success, and lessons learned for broader application or multisite collaboration.

Manuscripts should include an unstructured abstract of 100–150 words. The main text should be structured with appropriate headings such as Introduction, Methods/Implementation, Results or Outcomes, Discussion, and Conclusion. Key innovation points and scalability implications should be summarized at the end in 3–5 concise bullet points.

A maximum of 2 tables or figures is permitted, and references should preferably not exceed 8. Authors are encouraged to adhere to relevant international reporting standards for healthcare innovation and quality improvement, including SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines where applicable, along with appropriate ethical and institutional approval requirements.

Book Review:  Book reviews provide a critical and balanced evaluation of recent books related to medicine, medical education, health policy, or medical sciences. The manuscript should be approximately 2500 words and should highlight the book’s key themes, major arguments, strengths, and limitations, along with publisher details.

A minimum of two images (e.g., book cover and relevant content highlights) may be included with appropriate permissions. Authors should follow internationally accepted standards for scholarly reviewing, ensuring objectivity, transparency, and proper attribution. Ethical considerations and copyright permissions for reproduced material must be ensured where applicable.

Opinion/Viewpoints:  Opinion and Viewpoint articles (1500–2800 words) allow authors to present a focused perspective on current and emerging issues in medicine, healthcare, public health, research, ethics, health policy, or health law, and are generally not linked to a specific published article. These manuscripts should be grounded in published literature and must avoid speculative or unsupported discussion, providing clear, well-argued, and evidence-informed insights relevant to an international readership.

Viewpoints should have no more than 3 authors, with the first author demonstrating appropriate expertise in the subject area. The manuscript may include 1 table or figure. References should preferably be limited to 8 current sources, with a maximum of 15 where justified. An unstructured abstract of up to 200 words may be included if required, subject to editorial decision. Submissions that do not meet these guidelines will not be considered for review.

Commentaries: This section (1200–1400 words) critically discuss a paper published in a specific issue and situate the problems addressed within the broader context of medicine and health sciences. They may also address timely and unresolved issues in health, medicine, or public health, providing a balanced, evidence-based discussion supported by relevant literature. The aim is to offer clear scholarly interpretation, highlight implications, and contribute to academic and clinical discourse for an international readership. Manuscripts may include a maximum of 2 tables or figures, and references should preferably not exceed 20. No abstract is required.

MedScholars Nexus: This section provides a platform for academic and scholarly contributions from medical students, interns, residents, postgraduate trainees, fellows, and early-career researchers engaged in medicine, biomedical sciences, or health-related disciplines, including those from Janaki Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Nepal and other recognized national or international institutions to present scholarly work, including original research, audits, reviews, case-based discussions, and academic reflections relevant to medicine and health sciences. Submissions must demonstrate academic rigor, relevance to medical education or research, and adherence to ethical and scientific standards, in accordance with COPE guidelines and relevant EQUATOR Network reporting standards.

Manuscripts should typically not exceed 1,500–2,500 words. An abstract of 150–250 words (structured or unstructured, as appropriate) may be required depending on the article type; the requirement for an abstract shall be determined by the Editorial Board. References should follow the Vancouver citation style and preferably not exceed 15–20 references unless justified by the nature of the manuscript.

Figures and tables may be included where necessary to support data presentation, with a usual limit of up to 3 combined. Ethical approval and informed consent must be obtained where applicable, and all submissions must adhere to internationally accepted publication ethics standards, including COPE guidelines and relevant EQUATOR Network reporting standards based on study design.

Obituaries: This section publishes respectful tributes to doctors, researchers, or health professionals/journal editors working in Nepal or abroad who have made significant contributions to medicine, scientific research, or healthcare and have left a meaningful impact on society and the profession.

Manuscripts should be approximately 1200 words and include a brief factual account of the individual’s personal background, academic and professional achievements, and contributions to medical science and the community. References should preferably not exceed 5.  Written informed consent for publication and use of photographs is mandatory. A photograph may only be included with prior written consent from the next of kin or authorized representative. The content must be factual, non-defamatory, and free from speculative or unverified statements.

All types of Manuscript should have title page, and the title page should contain:

1. Type of manuscript (e.g., Original Article, Case Report, Review Article, etc.)
2. Title of the article, which should be concise but informative
3. Running title or short title not exceeding 50 characters
4. Author’s full name (First name, Middle name and Last name)
5. Name of the department and institution to which the work is attributed
6. Name, postal address, telephone number, fax number (if applicable), and E-Mail, ORCID address of the corresponding author for communication regarding the manuscript
7. Source(s) of support, including grants, equipment, drugs, or any other form of assistance

Authors’ names should appear only on the title page and must not be included on any other pages of the manuscript.