Seasonal abundance, species richness and diversity of birds at Maidi Lake, Nepal

Abstract

Bird surveys were conducted across all four seasons from November 2022 to October 2024 at Maidi Lake, part of Nepal’s Lake Cluster of Pokhara Valley Ramsar site. A total of 51 seasonal abundance surveys (10–19 per season) recorded maximum, minimum, average counts, and frequency of occurrence for each species. Additional data were added from eBird postings and the Asian Waterbird Census. In total, 195 bird species were documented. These findings support conservation planning and establish a baseline for future monitoring, as outlined in the Ramsar Maidi Lake Management Plan. The study also provides data to support recreational birdwatching.