Assessing Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Papilloma Virus Prevention in Security Personnel and Their Families: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women in Nepal, despite being preventable through early screening and Human Papilloma Virus vaccination. Limited evidence exists regarding knowledge of cervical cancer prevention among Armed Police Force personnel and their families. This study aimed to assess awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening methods, and vaccination among this population.

Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted over a four-month period, from August 2025 to December 2025, after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: NAPFH-026/2024). A structured, validated questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of cervical cancer, screening methods, and vaccination. A convenience sample included 410 participants. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.

Results: Among 410 participants, 315 (76.83%) had heard of cervical cancer, with media 189 (46.10%) being the most common source of information. Knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors and symptoms was variable, with multiple sexual partners, 157 (38.29%), and post-menstrual bleeding, 154 (37.56%), being the most frequently identified. Among them, 225 (54.87%) believed cervical cancer is preventable, and 222 (54.15%) identified regular screening as a key preventive method. Although 251 (61.22%) had heard of the vaccine, only 95 (23.17%) correctly identified the optimal timing for vaccination, and substantial misconceptions persisted regarding Human Papilloma Virus infection, vaccine availability, and the necessity of screening after vaccination.

Conclusions: While general awareness of cervical cancer was moderate, substantial knowledge gaps exist regarding Human Papilloma Virus related prevention and screening practices.