Clinical Profile and Outcome of Guillain Barré Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective study

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute autoimmune polyradiculopathy characterized by a highly variable long-term prognosis. There are few data from resource limited settings like Nepal that have evaluated the long-term outcome of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics and disability outcomes after one year in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients at a tertiary care center.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in adult patients diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome at a tertiary care center from May 2023 to May 2024. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the same center prior to data collection (Reference. No. 482-082/083). Data were extracted from hospital records using a structured proforma and supplemented by follow-up consultations. Total 62 patients were included. The outcome of the patients was assessed according to Hughes Guillain Barre Disability Scale. One-year outcomes were classified as favorable or unfavorable. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0.

Results: The most common type clinically was typical Guillain-Barré syndrome 55 (88.71%) and electrophysiologically acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy 21 (37.50%). Out of total, 34 (54.84%) of patients received symptomatic treatment, 17 (27.42%) got intravenous immunoglobulin, and 11 (17.74%) got plasma exchange. After a year 51 (62.30%) patients were evaluated for outcome, out of which 47 (92.20%) of them had a good outcome, and 4 (7.80%) of them had a bad outcome.

Conclusions: Most Guillain-Barré syndrome patients exhibited significant recovery after a year.