Efficiency of Ceramic Candle Filters towards Purification of Drinking Water

Authors

  • Santosh Thapa Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Nepal; Chilime Engineering and Services Company Ltd. (ChesCo)
  • Narayan Niraula Rural Self-reliance Development Centre (RSDC), Kathmandu, Nepal; Environment Protection and Study Center (ENPROSC), Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Padmaja Shrestha Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO), Kathmandu, Nepal; Environmental Solution and Research Centre (ESORCE), Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Rejina Maskey Byanju Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Nepal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/jes.v10i1.66976

Keywords:

Colloidal silver (CS), NDWQS, Point-of-use water treatment, Water borne diseases

Abstract

This study addresses a critical research gap in Nepal, focusing on the effectiveness of ceramic candle filters for purifying drinking water. The research assesses their performance in removing physico-chemical and microbiological parameters, along with flow rates. A market survey in Kathmandu and Surkhet informed the selection of five brands. A cross-sectional, block design experiment over two cycles measured water quality and flow rates. Physico-chemical parameters met NDWQS standards. Microbial tests revealed a significant reduction in E. coli and total coliform bacteria, albeit not within NDWQS limits. Flow rates showed no significant variations. Comparative analysis favored silver-coated (CS) filters, with Apollo among non-CS filters exhibiting the highest microbiological efficiency, followed by Hotsun, Surya Vinayak, Surya Nepal, and Milton. This research aims to contribute valuable insights for promoting efficient point-of-use water treatment practices in Nepal.

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Published

2024-07-04

How to Cite

Thapa, S., Niraula, N., Shrestha, P., & Maskey Byanju, R. (2024). Efficiency of Ceramic Candle Filters towards Purification of Drinking Water . Journal of Environment Sciences, 10(1), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.3126/jes.v10i1.66976

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Section

Articles