Governance and Practice Systems of Ancient Nepal: A Historical Perspective

Abstract

The governance systems of ancient Nepal, characterized by their distinctive administrative, legal, and cultural structures, provide critical insights into the historical development of political organization in South Asia. This study examines the evolution of governance from the early Kirat dynasty through the Lichhavi and Malla periods, focusing on administrative frameworks, legal systems, and economic policies that shaped ancient Nepali society. Drawing on a multidisciplinary approach, including the analysis of historical texts, archaeological evidence, and ancient scriptures, the research explores how these systems functioned and adapted over time. The findings reveal a complex and nuanced system of rule rooted in indigenous traditions, yet responsive to broader regional dynamics. Moreover, the study highlights the long-standing influence of these early governance models on Nepal’s contemporary socio-political structures. By situating ancient Nepal within the larger context of South Asian history, the article contributes to scholarly discourse on state formation, legal traditions, and administrative evolution. This historical perspective offers valuable implications for understanding the foundations of modern governance in the region.