The Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology (Nepal J Ophthalmol; NepJOph) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society (NOS).
This journal aims to provide an opportunity of sharing knowledge and experience amongst the ophthalmic professionals, as well as help disseminate findings of research and achievements in the ophthalmic field, both at home and abroad.
Original articles, short communications, case reports, review articles etc., on electronic submission are welcome from the academia. Please note that NepJOph publishes articles under the following types/categories/sections.
Research works involving human subjects and animals should adhere to international norms and the terms of Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. Approval from the institutional/ethical review board and informed consent from the subject of study must have been obtained for all experimental studies and articles based on these studies. The NepJOph Editorial Board may request the principal/corresponding author for providing such documents during the process of publication of the manuscript under certain circumstances. We will provide you proof pages before they are published requesting you to check the contents and the style and return back to the editorial office.
Review articles and editorial notes are sometimes invited from national and international renowned authors.
The acceptance for publication of the submitted manuscript is judged by the editorial board through anonymous peer review. The peer reviewers are acknowledged in the subsequent issues of the journal.
Authors are advised to carefully read and comply with the instructions of journal guidelines before submitting their manuscripts.
For publication in NepJOph following submissions are essential:
A copyright transfer agreement form, signed by the principal author and all co-authors to confirm their consensus, must be submitted to the editorial office either through online submission or as a scanned copy of the original agreement form via email to editor@nepjoph.org.np at the time of manuscript submission or before publication of the accepted manuscript. Under certain circumstances the Editorial Board may ask for confirming signatures of the other authors as well. The agreement form can be downloaded from the journal’s website: www. nepjoph.org.np and uploaded at the time of paper submission.
Processing Fees
The Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology does charge authors article submission and processing fees once their manuscript is accepted for publication.
Processing Fees:
Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology does charge article processing charges to authors once accepted for publication as:
NOS members NPR 1000; Non NOS member Nepalese NPR 1500; SAARC Countries INR 1000; Rest of the World USD 25; and Colour pages are charged additional NPR 2500. The rates are per page charges.
Instructions
Manuscript preparation and submission
Only those manuscripts written in scientifically correct English are eligible for review process. The Editorial Board may help with some grammatical corrections. However, the authors requiring substantial help are encouraged to get the required assistance by the linguistic experts before submission of the manuscript.
Commercial or proprietary interest to products or companies mentioned in or related to the subject matter of the article being submitted must be disclosed in the covering letter, which may be published at the discretion of the Editor- in Chief.
The manuscript must be submitted online using the website: www.nepjoph.org.np / https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL SUBMISSIONS
The manuscripts may be written in British (UK) English or American English but should be uniform in one submission and comply with the following guidelines:
The title page should contain the following information: title of the manuscript, manuscript category (original article, brief communication, case report or review article), full name(s) of author(s), with their affiliated institution(s) and their full address(es), word count of abstract, word count of text, number of references, number of illustrations and/or figures, number of tables, number of pages, commercial interest, a running title with not more than 50 characters, name and address of the corresponding author including fax number, e-mail address and telephone number.
In the case of multiple authors, please ensure that the person(s) who receive(s) authorship has/have contributed significantly in designing the study, analyzing data, manuscript writing and was/ were involved in the treatment of study subjects. Financial contributors and simple advisors should be acknowledged in the last paragraph of the manuscript, after conclusion. The number of authors should not generally exceed six. Only one person can be the first author.
Title and Authorship Format
Title should be in title case (upper case for all initial letters, mainly nouns, and pronouns) and in centre alignment (Ctrl+E in MS Word in Windows). E.g.,
“Ocular Findings among the Patients of Renal Transplantation”
The authors’ names should be in full (complete name), right alignment (Ctrl+R in MS Word in Windows), and NEPJOPH does not follow any prefix of Mr./Ms./Dr., etc in authors list (you may mention that under Corresponding Author section).
The superscripts for institutional/ organizational affiliations should be placed before full name and comma. The authors with the same affiliation will have the same superscript, while different affiliations will have different superscript marked by a separate Hindu-Arabic number in sequence. E.g.,
Samiksha Bhattarai1, Poonam Lavaju1, Badri Prasad Badhu2, Sangeeta Shah1, Santosh Chaudhary1, Robin Maskey1, Ashesh Koirala1
1B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
2Birat Medical College, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal
For Corresponding Author (NOT Address for correspondence; correspondence; corresponding address; or anything else), the details (designation, department, institute, address: name of place, district, country) should be mentioned (except phone number) as it would appear in the final published article. Please also note to write E-mail with hyphen NOT Email. E.g.,
Corresponding Author
Dr. Samiksha Bhattarai
Lecturer, Department of Ophthalmology,
B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences,
Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal.
E-mail: saumri.6112@gmail.com
For any conflict of interest or financial disclosure please mention or write Nil if no conflict or financial support. E.g.,
Financial interest: Nil.
Conflict of interest: Nil.
Legends of Table and Figures
Tables and Figures: not more than six in total (For Case Report/Series, please check below as well as under the relevant section). Please do not merge/collage multiple "Figures/Pictures" to make one. They will be counted as individual figures/pictures and not accepted in NEPJOPH if the figure limit is crossed.
For all manuscripts except Case Report/Series, the numbers of Tables and Figures should not be more than six, both combined. For Case Report, it shall have no more than 12 figures and Case Series can have up to 24 figures. Under special circumstances, if you need to have more than the allowed number of tables/figures, kindly contact the NEPJOPH Editorial Board.
Please keep both frequency and percent in same column with brackets. Please keep space between frequency and bracket arm of percent. Do not write 23(42.7%), instead write 23 (42.7%). No need to repeat % symbol in each box (of each row and column) if already mentioned in the title. E.g., 23 (42.7).
The main headings in Tables should be centrally aligned. For the contents of the table, all text should be left-aligned and numbers centrally aligned.
The legends of tables should be written ABOVE the tables while for figures they should be written BELOW the respective figures. In NepJOph, graphs, charts, bar diagrams, photographs, etc., are kept all under the FIGURE heading. So, no other headings besides, the Tables or Figures.
Though it is not mandatory, NepJOph prefers full forms instead of abbreviations in the legends. Also, it is preferred that high-quality pictures/photographs should be attached separately as well, in addition to keeping in the manuscript.
Table number colon legend full stop
(The first letter of the first word uppercase, rest lowercase)
E.g.,
Table 3: Correlation of metabolic blood parameters with average central macular thickness.
Figure 2: Scatter plot between average central macular thickness and urea.
REFERENCES
Plagiarism in any form is not accepted. Any works done by others, if cited in your text must be properly referenced. References should be limited to those cited in the text following the Harvard referencing system.
REFERENCES should be no more than eight for Editorial, Guest Editorial, Letter to the Editor, NOS News/Activities, Commentaries, and Miscellaneous sections. A maximum of 10 references for Case Report, Brief/Short Communication, View Point, Ophthalmology Education, and Student NepJOph sections. No more than 30 references for Original Article, Protocol, and Case Series (with Literature Review). A maximum of 50 references for the Review Article section is allowed.
Harvard referencing system
The Nep J Oph expects authors to use the alphabetical or name-date method known as the Harvard system. In this system, the author’s surname and year of publication are cited in the text, e.g. Albanese et al (2003), and a reference list (of these citations) is included at the end of the assignment, in alphabetical order by author. The reference list also includes additional details such as the title and publisher.
Example of listing Harvard referencing system
Albanese MA, Snow MH, Skochelak SE, Huggett KN, Ferrell PM (2003). Assessing personal qualities in medical school admissions. Academic Medicine; 78 (4) : 313-321. References to sources may be cited in the text in different ways depending on the nature of the sentence/paragraph that is being written. Various examples are given below.
Author’s name cited in the text
Dewey (1991) believed the process of behavior changes was critical to reflective learning.
Author’s name not cited directly in the text
As humans we all try to make sense of the world in any way we can, gathering information of varying accuracies, constantly developing intuitive theories, and interpreting situations in a manner that fits the theories we have previously developed (Gilovich, 1993).
More than one author cited in the text
Bransford et al (1999) outlined the …… important characteristics of expertise.
More than one author not cited directly in the text
In a recent review that was published in the Lancet the authors identified major impediments to improving mental health services in countries such as …..(Saraceno et al, 2007).
Or
Our conceptual framework for understanding education in the teaching clinics is to adopt an experiential learning model (Kolb, 1984; Jarvis, 1995; Smith & Irby, 1997).
Two authors for the same work
Reliability coefficients in many OSCEs show considerable variation and unevenness in magnitude (Pedhazur & Schmelkin, 1991).
More than two authors for a work
Ginsburg et al (2004) have recently examined differences between the formal admissions policy implemented for residency selections and the informal understanding…..
Several works by one author in different years
(Upadhyay 1993, 1997)…….
Several works by one author in the same year
Earlier research by Badhu (1997a) found that… but later research suggested again by Badhu (1997b) that……
Corporate authors
B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), 1996
(B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, 1996) BPKIHS, 1996 (in case of second citation)
Chapters of edited books
For chapters of edited books, the required elements for a reference are:
Chapter author(s) surname(s) and initials. Year. Title of chapter followed by ‘In’
Book editor(s) initials and surnames with ed. or eds. after the last name.
Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Chapter number or first and last page numbers followed by full-stop.
Smith J. (1975). A source of information. In W. Jones, ed. One hundred and one ways to find information about health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ch. 2.
Samson C. (1970). Problems of information studies in history. In S. Stone, ed. Humanities information research. Sheffield: CRUS, 1980, p. 44-68.
(Note: for more details of the Harvard Referencing system please refer to http:// libweb.anglia.ac.uk/ referencing/harvard.htm)
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH SUBMISSION CATEGORY
Instructions for Editorial/ Guest Editorial
They are written by invitation or produced in-house. It would state the opinions expressed in editorials and those of the author alone. They are in no way intended to express the official viewpoint of the journal, the board, or NepJOph. Up to 800 words excluding references which in turn are restricted to a maximum of eight in number are allowed.
Instructions for Original (Research) Article
ABSTRACT - word limit-300 excluding key words. Structured as: Introduction; Objective; Methodology; Result; Conclusion.
Key words: About three to six “Key words” (NOT Keywords or any other variant), which should preferably (not mandatory) be a MeSH term. Check at https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search for more information. Key words should be arranged alphabetically, separated by semicolons, and ending with a full stop. Only the first letter of the first key word upper case, rest lower case. NO abbreviations.
INTRODUCTION in a maximum of 300 words. Anything extra can be strategically placed in METHODOLOGY or DISCUSSION sections.
State the background of the study, rationale (justification), and objective. In the background, the information should be given as global, regional, and local. Please note that INTRODUCTION section is written in present tense EXCEPT the objective.
METHODOLOGY
State the a) study design, b) place and duration of the study, c) sample size and sampling technique, d) inclusion and exclusion criteria, e) ethical approval and informed consent, and f) statistical analysis and software used. Please do not use separate headings for study design (and other topics mentioned in the previous sentence) or other headings for inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, data analysis, etc. Also, mention everything in paragraphs, not bullets or numbers.
RESULT
State the main findings first then move towards the rest of the findings. All the findings should be in n (%) format, which means both frequency and percent whenever applicable. Please write mean and standard deviation using ± symbol instead of brackets: E.g. 27.56 ± 1.39; NOT 27.56 (1.39).
All tables and figures (for graphs, please use the term figure for convenience) should be mentioned in content/text also. When you mention Table or Figure in content, keep them within brackets. E.g., (Table 4) not …. depicted in Table 4. Please write BOTH frequency as well as percent above the graphs/bars/pie charts and Tables in n (%) format. Please write frequency and percent in same column in Tables. No need of decimal places if 0 after decimal. E.g., 16.0% should be 16%.
For decimal values in findings, please mention up to one or two decimal values. If you are keeping two numbers after decimal, keep two at all places in one article. However, if you want to keep only one digit after decimal, keep one in one submission. Just be uniform, except for p-value and standard deviation, where you can keep up to three numbers after decimal but please be uniform throughout one submission or document. In tables, boxes with zero values can just have hyphen.
NepJOph writes “p-value” NOT P value, p value, p-value, p value or any other forms. The p-values should not be listed as not significant (NS) since, for meta-analysis, the actual values are important and not providing exact p-values is a form of incomplete reporting. The actual p-value should be expressed (p = 0.04) rather than expressing a statement of inequality (p <0.05), unless p <0.001). Do not write p = 0.000 instead write it as p <0.001. The p-value 0.000 should be written as p-value <0.001 (as p = 0.000 is impossible though some statistical software report it like that). Please do not have p-values more than three digits after decimal. Expressing p to more than three significant digits does not add useful information since precise p-values with extreme results are sensitive to biases or departures from the statistical model. In rare instances, p-values may be expressed to more than three decimal places such as in genome-wide association studies, studies involving Bonferroni correction, etc. Please consult NepJOph team for that. There should be no space between greater/lesser than symbol and number, if word/text then keep space
In the legends of tables and figures, write the complete words, preferably no abbreviations: "Table Table number separated from the title by a colon" and Figure, not Fig. The title should be in "Sentence Case" and the table or figure number separated by a colon. The first letter of title upper case, rest all lower case.
Table 1: Title should be in brief.
Figure 1: Title should be simple.
For detail please check under general instructions for the "Legends of Tables and Figures" section.
DISCUSSION (Please write limitations within it).
CONCLUSION The conclusion section should not contain the numeric findings but the conclusion you have drawn from the findings. Please write "recommendation" within this section.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (optional and no more than 100 words).
Just name the individual or organization. Please do not use this section as a praising platform for your bosses, seniors, family, friends, colleagues, and others.
REFERENCES: No more than 30 references are allowed.
NO OTHER HEADINGS besides these. For legends of tables and figures, check under the general instructions.
Total word limitation - 3000 excluding abstract, references, and legends of tables and figures.
Instructions for Review Article
ABSTRACT - word limit-300 excluding key words. Structured as: Introduction; Objective; Methodology; Result; Conclusion.
Key words: About three to six “Key words” (NOT Keywords or any other variant), which should preferably (not mandatory) be a MeSH term. Check at https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search for more information. Key words should be arranged alphabetically, separated by semicolons, and ending with a full stop. Only the first letter of the first key word upper case, rest lower case. NO abbreviations.
INTRODUCTION in a maximum of 300 words should include the background of the review, rationale for doing the review. Main points to focus.
OTHER APPROPRIATE HEADINGS (Main headings should be in UPPER CASE while Sub headings can be in Title Case or Sentence case as appropriate)
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (optional and no more than 100 words)
Just name the individual or organisation. Please do not use this section as a praising platform for your bosses, seniors, family, friends, colleagues, and others.
REFERENCES: A minimum of 30 references and no more than 50 references.
For legends of tables and figures, check under the general instructions.
Total word limitation - 4500 excluding abstract, references, and legends of tables and figures.
For a Systematic Review or Meta-analysis, please follow the PRISMA recommendations. You can access the relevant information from their website at http://www.prisma-statement.org/
Instructions for Case Report/ Case Series (with Literature Review)
ABSTRACT - word limit-300 excluding key words. Please write the ABSTRACT section under these headings: Introduction, Case, Observation, Conclusion.
Case Report should have a maximum of four authors but no limit on the number of authors for Case Series with Literature Review.
Case Report should have no more than four patients while five to 10 patients can be reported in Case Series with Literature Review. That means a Case Series should not report more than 10 patients.
Case Report shall have no more than 12 figures and Case Series can have up to 24 figures. Under special circumstances, if you need to add more figures please contact NepJOph Editorial Team.
Please do not merge/collage multiple "Figures/Pictures" to make one. They will be counted as individual figures/pictures and not accepted in NEPJOPH if the figure limit is crossed.
Key words: About three to six “Key words” (NOT Keywords or any other variant), which should preferably (not mandatory) be a MeSH term. Check at https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search for more information. Key words should be arranged alphabetically, separated by semicolons, and ending with a full stop. Only the first letter of the first key word upper case, rest lower case. NO abbreviations.
INTRODUCTION in a maximum of 300 (same for case series) words should include the background of the case being reported.
CASE REPORT The case(s) being reported should be new/interesting/rare with clinical significance or implications.
DISCUSSION
Other Appropriate headings:
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (optional and no more than 100 words).
Just name the individual or organisation. Please do not use this section as a praising platform for your bosses, seniors, family, friends, colleagues, and others.
REFERENCES: No more than 10 references except for "case report with literature review" where a maximum of 30 references is allowed.
For legends of tables and figures, check under the general instructions.
Total word limitation - 1500 (3000 for case report with literature review) excluding abstract, references, and legends of tables and figures.
Instructions for Letter to the Editor
It should be up to 400 words and cite a maximum of eight references and may concern any item felt to be of interest to the readership, or more usually be a question or critique concerning a paper. Letters may be subject to peer review.
Instructions for the View Point
The articles under this heading are the personal opinions and perspectives that allow the author(s) to express their own point of view on issues relevant to health. They should be of scientific or clinical value. The purpose may be to raise awareness, new ideas, thought-provoking concepts, and personal expert opinion to improve health. Current or ongoing controversial topics are recommended to be probed into. Up to 1000 words excluding references which in turn are restricted to a maximum of 10 in number are allowed.
Instructions for Brief Communication/Miscellaneous/ Commentaries
Submission based on some experience, education, or a variety of topic which has some clinical or scientific value that does not fall under any of the above categories. Word limit – 800. References - maximum of eight in number.
NOS News/Activities
This section includes information about various activities of NOS. The submission to this section is open to Nepal Ophthalmic Society only.
Note: It is also required that the corresponding author clearly specifies the type of article s/he is submitting. However, the final decision under which category the article is published rests on the decision of the NepJOph editorial board. In such a case, the author will be duly informed regarding the decision. The author will have the right to withdraw the article if s/he chooses but must do so within the specified time. For more details, please check at: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/about/submissions
Peer Review:
The Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology has a double blind process for the review. The articles submitted are reviewed by the national and international experts in the respective fields after the initial screening by the editorial board. We ensure that the peer reviewer is not from the same institute as that of the any of the authors and does not have any conflict of interest to the work. It will be sole right of the editorial board to decide the reviewers for the manuscript. The review process from the reviewer is usually one month and if there is not respons, it will be sent to another reviewer. The whole process of review will take from 6 weeks to 4 months, depending on the significance of the article.
The article is sent to at least two reviewers, with one of them being an international expert. Once the reviewers comments are received, the authors are asked to resubmit their manuscript by incorporating the reviewers comments. if both the reviewers reject the article, the editorial board will reject it. However, the final decision of the paper acceptance is reserved by the editorial board.
Copyright:
It is mandatory that a copyright transfer agreement form signed by the principal author and all the co-authors confirming the consensus of all the authors be submitted to the editorial office by fax (00977-25-520251 or 530119) or a scanned copy of the original agreement form by e-mail to editor@nepjoph.org.np at the time of manuscript submission or before publication of the accepted manuscript. Under certain circumstances the Editorial Board may ask for confirming signatures of the other authors as well. The agreement form can be downloaded from the journal’s website: https://nos.com.np/s/nepalese-journal-of-ophthalmology/ and uploaded at the time of paper submission. Without the form, the article will not be processed for review. The copyright agreement form can be found here. Please insert signatures and dates from all authors and upload it at the time of paper submission.
Articles in the Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology are Open Access articles under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND). This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, is not changed in any way, and is not used for commercial purposes.
Patient Consent form for Case Reports:
Please submit the patient consent form, signed by the patient or Guardian of the patient is a minor. Without it, the article will not be processed further. Please upload it in the supplementary file during the submission of case report.
Plagiarism
The journal will check all submitted articles for plagiarism using the Crossref Similarity Check software.
Disclaimer: The research studies, statements, expressions, and opinions in the articles are solely of the authors and do not represent the official stance of the editorial board the Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology (NepJOph) or of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society (NOS). Advertisements or products mentioned in the journal cannot be considered as endorsement by the editorial board or the NOS. Neither NepJOph nor NOS shall be held responsible, under any circumstances, for any loss or harm due to information provided in NepJOph.
The Editorial Board would also like to thank you for sharing your time with us. We expect your continued support in this academic endeavour. And we feel privileged to have the opportunity of presenting the Nepal J Ophthalmol to the ophthalmic academia.
Dr Eli Pradhan,
Editor-in-Chief
Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology
GPO Box 561, Gaushala, Bagmati Bridge
Tel: 01-4493775, 4493684
Fax: 977-1-4474937
E-mail: editor@nepjoph.org.np
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