Shanti Journal

Editorial Vol.2(1)

Satya Raj Joshi — 2023-04-17

No abstract available.

Merit Piggy Bank in the Digital Economy

Wut Viphanphong — 2023-04-06

Making merit, especially charity and donation, is enormous in Asian countries, particularly in Thailand, where it has long been systematically incorporated into Thai culture. This study aimed to evaluate the literature on merit-making in the digital economy. A narrative synthesis was employed for this study. The documentary method and content analysis via systematic review were used to analyze the data. Making merit has several benefits such as improving the community, as well as receiving a tax-deductible and reducing a tax burden. The most fruitful form of merit-making is the good deeds accomplished. Apart from donating money to temples, there are other ways to earn merit these days, including volunteering, painting a school building and so on. In the digital age, online merit-making is becoming more popular. These days, donors use applications or online platforms for merit-making so they can keep track online, similar to a merit piggy bank, which may make the donors happy and encourage them to continue donating. It may benefit the government, private agencies, and other organizations in developing an effective strategy to meet the needs and expectations of donors who wish to donate via digital platforms, which may benefit Thai society and beyond.

Facebook and Twitter as Platforms for Human Good: A Case of Egypt Uprising, 2011

Ramesh Timsina — 2023-04-06

Through wider and rapid dissemination of information, social media sites (Facebook and Twitter in this article) influence the psychology of the users, making them ready for the collective action. This article analyses the role played by Facebook and Twitter in bringing about political change in Egypt during the Egyptian Uprising of 2011. Drawing insights from social media studies and Foucauldian discourse of power, this article exposes the tussle between the autocratic Egyptian government led by the then president Hosni Mubarak and Egyptian citizens and scrutinizes the horizontal connectivity and dissemination of information, citizen journalism, pervasive nature of power, and multiple resistance sites. It concludes that in materializing their aspirations of right, liberation, and justice along with the economic, social, and political revamp, Egyptian civilians took recourse in digital technologies and freed themselves from thirty-years long dictatorship of Mubarak.

The Transitioning of Learners from Zambian Language Literacy to English Literacy in Grade Three in Livingstone District of Zambia: Were teachers prepared to manage it?

Machinyise Elliot — 2023-04-06

The purpose of this study was to establish whether teachers were adequately prepared to transition learners from Zambian language literacy to English literacy in Grade three in Livingstone district. In line with this, it sought to establish the methods the teachers were using in teaching English literacy in Grade three and establish the challenges faced by teachers in managing the transition from Zambian language literacy to English literacy in Grade three. The study employed a mixed method descriptive design which involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was collected using questionnaires, lesson observations, interviews and document analysis. A random selection and a purposive sampling were used to select respondents for the study. The study found that the teachers were not adequately trained during in-set programmers such as workshops, Continuous Professional Developments and TGMs.. Another finding was that the teacher’s attitude to the introduction of English in grade three differed. Some felt that English should be introduced in grade one, while others felt that it should be delayed at least up to grade four or five. Lack of funding at the school level to organize the school inset programs was another issue revealed in the study. it is recommended that the Ministry of Education (MOE) should introduce English literacy courses in colleges, specifically for the transition. It is also recommended that the MOE should provide Grade three English literacy materials and fund in-set programs in schools.

Socio-economic Adjustment of Rural Migrants in an Urban Setting: A Study of Sampang Rai Migrants in Kathmandu, Nepal

Dipak Raj Rai — 2023-04-06

This article explores the socio-economic adjustment of rural migrants in the cities of Kathmandu Valley. This study was conducted among Sampang Rai migrants and utilizes the network theory of migration. Information was gathered through questionnaire using KoBoToolbox, in-depth interviews, and observation in the study areas. Sampang Rais migrate to the Kathmandu Valley to get an education, find better work, experience city life, help their families, get medical treatment, and learn new skills. The already established and available networks facilitate the selection of migration destinations and socio-economic adjustment in Kathmandu Valley. Friends, families, earlier migrants, and institutions assisted migrants to adjust socially and economically in the destination areas by providing information, physical resources, material resources, and sociocultural support. Sampang Rai migrants also made efforts to diversify their livelihood, keep strong connections with friends and families, join religious communities, learn new skills, exchange labour and encourage one another while they go through the process of socio-economic adjustment.

A Marxist Reading of the Story, “Hansel and Gretel”

Raj Kumar Gurung — 2023-04-06

This paper analyzes the story “Hansel and Gretel” from the Marxist point of view. This children’s story is the story of haves-and-have-nots. The conflict between these two classes: the upper class and the working class is a non-stop process. There is a conflict between the witch and the children: the upper class and working class, feudalism and Marxism. Theoretically, feudal society is out of practice but it is still going on. This conflict is because of discrimination. The working-class people are suffering from the upper-class people’s domination and discrimination. The findings of the study show that the discrimination between upper-class and working-class people is never ending process. Society still has a feudal mentality. In every sector, discrimination is as usual. The upper class or high-ranking people dominate the working class or low-ranking people. This paper focuses on how to minimize the feudal discriminating mentality. The grounded feudal system is more dangerous than the surface-level feudal system. The study adopts the Marxist approach to analyze the story. Millions of people struggled and sacrificed for providing economic freedom to the working class people for ages so that the gap between them would fill up, but their sacrifice has not been meaningful. The change, which is nominal, is not satisfactory. Monetary power beats almost all kinds of power in the world. Exceptionally, intellectual powers seldom beat some orthodox power but money, which is all in all in the world of the American dream, is the major cause of discrimination.

Trump’s advocacy of nationalism: A rhetorical analysis of selected speech

Shunil Rayamajhi — 2023-04-06

This paper examines the political persuasion strategies employed by Donald Trump in his speech at the United Nations General Assembly on September 24, 2019. The qualitative study explores the reality and authenticity behind Trump’s claim “nationalism, not globalism, promotes peace, prosperity and economic growth of a sovereign nation like the US”. He attempted to persuade American to work for the prosperity of a nation; not for globalism. The study analyzes the ways to project political ideologies of Trump through the propagation of self-presentation and political persuasion. As the world leader with enormous political power wielded by the US, Trump’s speech under reference provides valuable insights into the ways how rhetoric links with power. This paper focuses on Trump’s nationalism which he exploited to motivate the Americans being experience as the losers of globalization to give him their vote in the next election. Toulmin’s model of sound argumentation has been employed as the qualitative interpretative method in the study to analyze the rhetorical elements of political persuasion contained in the speech. Trump’s behavior and speeches are full of contradictions. He held the populist political agenda of anti-globalization to appear as a true nationalist leader amongst the working-class American voters who could contribute to re-elect him as the President of the USA. However, his political rhetoric did not work as the majority of American voters cast their votes against him in the 2020 Presidential election.

Science Embedded Vedic Philosophy and Educational Implications

Kamal Prasad Koirala — 2023-04-06

This study focuses on the Vedas, considering the earliest literary record of Hindu philosophy, a number of concepts related to science are found embedded in the Vedic texts, and there are many its educational implications for Nepal. The Veda is the original scripture containing spiritual as well as scientific knowledge encompassing all aspects of human life. The main aim of this study is to find out the certain concepts of science in Vedic scripture and see their educational implications. The scientific notion embedded in the Veda has been searched with a hermeneutic approach from Vedic hymns and commentaries. The ancient seers had recognised the scientific value of natural forces and they commended them as deities. Beyond this, they have formulated the universal law of heavenly forces and human beings. Moreover, the Veda is accepted as the most ancient and sacred text that has been guiding not only the cultural, religious and spiritual lives of Hindu people but also their thinking, inquiry and wisdom, encouraging its readers for social harmony, balance and multiplicity. And therefore, we recommend scientific ideas from the Vedic texts should be incorporated in the school curriculum of Nepal.

The Representation of the Female Body in the Selected Short Stories of Arupa Patangia Kalita

Purabi Nandi — 2023-04-06

From literature to digital media, through numerous misleading interpretations, the patriarchal society has quite successfully made the female body an object of control and gaze. The reflection of these oppressions can be found in Arupa Patangia Kalita’s short stories. The paper has intended to read the representation of the female body in selected short stories of Kalita namely ‘The Girl with Long Hair,’ ‘Ayengla of the Blue Hills,’ ‘Kunu’s Mother,’ and ‘The Call Girls at the Shelter Home.’ As all the selected short stories have been written of women, for women, and by a woman, the paper has tried to examine whether Kalita’s narratives can be called the specimen of ‘Écriture Féminine’ or not. The paper has mainly adopted textual analysis method to analyse the primary and secondary sources. By analysing the secondary sources various characteristics of the philosophy ‘Écriture Féminine’ have been found. The stories then have been analysed in respect to these themes to come to the conclusion that they bear synonymity with the said philosophy.

Psychological Analysis On The Main Character Of “Green Eyed Lama” Novel

Gantsetseg Sanjmyatav — 2023-04-06

This research aimed to analyze Baasan’s psychological stability, the main character of the novel “Green Eyed Lama’’ by Oyungerel Tsedevdamba as depicted in the true story of repression during 1937-1947 in Mongolia. In conducting this research, the researchers apply mixed methods including qualitative descriptive and quantitative data analysis. The researchers use documentation to collect 49 examples which expressed the main character’s conscious and subconscious actions from the novel. Then a questionnaire for 42 informants was conducted and the author’s speech about the novel was used as the technique for verifying the validity and reliability of the research. Research results were analyzed through classification and triangulation methods in the sense of contextual validity data and focusing on what psychological changes the main character has based on the Theory of Individual Psychology by Alfred Adler. The research result was concluded by focusing on the following three main points. Firstly, the main character’s psychological balance was portrayed in relation to social phenomena. Secondly, the main character’s subconscious feelings such as enjoyments, dreams, love, frustrations and fears were described by metaphoric language including idioms, and comparisons in various scenes to help achieve in-depth thinking and nature to make the novel more artistic. Finally, the psychological implications of the main character were attracted to the public which made the novel to be awarded as the Best Seller.

No, America and China are not “Destined For War.”

Shambhu Ram Simkhada — 2023-04-06

War is not a destiny, it is a human choice, failure of politics, economics, diplomacy, and security policy.

International Relations (IR) is the study of great power relations and how they affect the world. Understanding and conduct of contemporary IR based on old assumptions can be as erroneous and risky as concluding the inevitability of war between two 21st Century great powers based on what scholar Graham Allison reminds us of the "Thucydides' Trap" , history of two Greek city states which went to war because they could not accommodate each other's national interests. What is Allison of Harvard's Kennedy School, arguably one of the greatest global institutions of higher learning and powerhouses of ideas, trying to convey by characterizing 21st Century America-China relations by 5th Century BC Greek city states?

'मोक्ष’ उपन्यासका नारी चरित्रमा वर्गचेतना

प्रभा मरहट्टा — 2023-04-06

माओवादी सशस्त्र युद्धका सन्दर्भ तथा परिवेशलाई समेटेर सचना गरिएको ।।।मोक्ष’ उपन्यास सिर्जन अविरलको पहिलो आख्यानात्मक कृति हो । यसमा मोक्ष वा मुक्तिको खोजी गर्दै वर्गसङ्घर्षमा उत्रिएका सव्रिmय पात्रहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । युगौंदेखिको दलहनबाट मुक्ति प्राप्तिका निम्ति लामो युद्ध लडेका लडाकु नै अयोग्य ठहर हुँदा तथा व्रmान्ति सम्झौतामा टुङ्गिँदा अस्वीकार गरी व्रmान्ति कहिल्यै रोकिंदैन भन्ने धारणा राखेर अग्रगमनतर्फ लागेका वर्गीय पात्रहरू पनि प्रयोग गरिएको छ । तसर्थ यस लेखमा जनयुद्धजन्य कथावस्तु रहेको ।।।यस उपन्यासमा चित्रण गरिएका नारी पात्रहरूमा वर्गचेतना केकस्तो रहेको छ भन्ने प्राज्ञिक जिज्ञासालाई माक्र्सवादी दृष्टिकोणबाट अध्ययन गरी निरूपण गर्नु नै मुख्य उद्देश्य बनाइएको छ । जनयुद्धजन्य कथावस्तु रहेका यस आख्यानमा प्रयोग गरिएका नारीपात्रहरू सचेत रूपमा वर्गीय सङ्घर्षमा होमिएका छन् । नेपाली समाजमा चलेको दसबर्शे वर्गद्वन्द्व र सचेतनाको प्रभावमा नेपाली नारीहरूले वर्गीय मुक्ति सचेतना बिस्तार, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक रूपान्तरणका लागि गरेका सबल प्रयासहरु यहाँ उद्घाटन गरिएको छ । उपन्यासमा व्रmान्तिकारी वर्गचेतना पुरुषपात्रहरूका तुलनात्मकमा नारी पात्रहरू सबल रहेको देखिन्छ । जनयुद्धमा सहभागी भएका नारीपात्रहरू कलम वा तरवार जे समातेर पनि श्रमजीवी तथा सर्वहारा वर्गीय जनताका उत्थानका निम्ति सचेत रूपमा सङ्घर्षरत छन् । यसरी सङ्घर्ष गर्दागर्दै केहीले सहादत प्राप्त गरेका छन् भने केही व्रmान्ति सम्झौतामा पुगेपछि अयोग्य लडाकु सावित हुँदा निराश बनेका छन्, कोही पार्टीको निर्णय अस्वीकार गर्दै व्रmान्तिकारी अभियानको निरन्तरतातिर लागेका निष्कर्ष यस लेखमा निकालिएको छ । माक्र्सवादी साहित्यमा समाजवादी यथार्थ चित्रण गर्ने व्रmममा पुरुष र महिलालाई समान हैसियत प्रदान गरिएको हुन्छ । यस उपन्यासमा पनि अग्रगामी चेतना रहेका सङ्घर्षशील नारी पात्रहरूको प्रयोग गरी समग्र नारी जगत्लाई नै ब्युँझाउने प्रयास गरिएको छ । उपन्यासमा वर्गीय समाजमा हुने शोषण, दमन, विभेद, असमानता आदि हटाउन नारी पात्रहरू विशेष सव्रिmय भएका सन्दर्भहरू वर्णन र उनीहरूका सक्षमतामा विश्वास गरिएको छ । नेपालका माक्र्सवादी तथा माओवादी राजनीतिज्ञहरूले शोषण, दमन, अन्याय, अत्याचारका मुख्य कारण खासगरी पितृसत्ता र पुँजीवादी संरचना भएको निष्कर्ष निकालेर निम्नवर्गीय उत्पीडित, किनारीकृतहरूको हक, हितका पक्षमा व्यापक प्रचार गरेका कारण पनि माओवादी जनयुद्धमा नारीहरू छापामारमा भर्ती भई सव्रिmय भूमिकामा रहेको कुरा यहाँ सङ्केत गरिएको छ । नारीमाथि हुने गरेका दमन, हिंसा र शोषणबाट मुक्ति पाउने आशमा पनि धेरै नारीहरू जनयुद्धमा लामबद्ध भएको रहस्य पनि उपन्यासमा उद्घाटन गरिएको छ । यही आधारमा जनयुद्धमा सामेल भएका नारीहरूले वैचारिक गला र कलाको प्रयोग गरेर सचेत रूपमा जनवर्गीय सङ्घर्षलाई सहयोग गरेका रहेछन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस लेखमा निकालिएको छ ।

भेट कविताको संरचनात्मक विश्लेषण

टीकाराम नेपाल — 2023-04-06

प्रस्तुत लेख गोपालप्रसाद रिमालको ।।।भेट’ कविताको संरचनात्मक विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । कविताको विश्लेषणमा संरचनावाद महŒवपूर्ण मानिन्छ । निर्माण वा बनोटका आवश्यक अङ्गहरूको समष्टि तथा वस्तु वा कृतिको सम्पूर्णता तथा त्यसको निर्माण गर्ने घटकहरूको कुलयोगलाई नै संरचना भनिन्छ । पूर्णता, परिवर्तनशीलता र स्वनिष्ठता जस्ता गुणहरुकै कारण कविताको विशिष्ट संरचना निर्माण भएको हुन्छ । वस्तु, सहभागी, परिवेश, उद्देश्य, दृष्टिबिन्दु, भाषाशैलीय विन्यास जस्ता बुनोट र यिनीहरुको समग्रताबाट कविताको बनोट निर्माण भएको हुन्छ । भाषाशैलीय विन्यासभित्र पनि भाषा, शैली, बिम्ब, प्रतीक, अलङ्कार, छन्द, लय जस्ता अवयव पर्दछन् । संरचनात्मक दृष्टिले आख्यानात्मक, नाटकीय र प्रगीतात्मक गरी कविताका तीन प्रकार रहन्छन् । एउटै केन्द्रीय कथ्यमा वर्तुलित विस्तार भएकोे कवितालाई प्रगीतात्मक कविता भनिन्छ । प्रगीतात्मक कविताको संरचनात्मक विश्लेषण गर्दा परिचय, विभाजन, सङ्गठन, वस्तु, सहभागी, परिवेश, उद्देश्य, दृष्टिबिन्दु, भाषाशैलीय विन्यास जस्ता घटकलाई आधार मान्ने गरिएको पाइन्छ । संरचनात्मक दृष्टिले ।।।भेट’ कविताको विश्लेषण गर्नु नै प्रस्तुत लेखको मुख्य समस्या हो । अतः यहाँ संरचना विश्लेषणका यिनै घटकहरुलाई आधार मानी भेट कविताको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । गोपालप्रसाद रिमालको ।।।भेट’ कवितालाई आधार सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको यस लेखमा संरचनात्मक विश्लेषणसम्बन्धी सिद्धान्त र साहित्यसमालोचनासम्बद्ध सामग्रीलाई द्वितीयक स्रोतका रूपमा ग्रहण गरिएको छ । सामग्री विश्लेषणका व्रmममा मूलतः वर्णनात्मक विधि अपनाइएको भए तापनि आवश्यकतअनुसार विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको समेत प्रयोग गरिएको छ । चार पङ्क्तिपुञ्जमा विस्तारित ।।।भेट’ कविता दृश्यहरुमा खासै विभक्त देखिँदैन । प्रजातन्त्रको उदयपूर्व रचिएको यस कविताले जनतामा देखिएको प्रजातन्त्रप्रतिको आस्थाभाव अभिव्यक्त भएको छ । तिमी र उनी मूल सहभागी रहेको यस कवितामा प्रजातन्त्र प्राप्तिका लागि उत्साहित जनतालाई व्रmान्ति गर्न कुर्न नहुने सन्देश व्यक्त भएको छ । कवितामा समध्वन्यात्मकताका कारण आन्तरिक लय प्रभावकारी बन्न पुगेको छ । पूर्ण, परिवर्तनशील र स्वायत्त संरचना भएका कारण संरचनात्मक दृष्टिले प्रस्तुत कविता सशक्त र प्रभावकारी रहेको निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनले प्रस्तुत गरेको छ ।

लेखनाथका कवितामा पूर्वीय दर्शनको पृष्ठभूमि र अन्तर्विकास

नेत्रप्रसाद न्यौपाने — 2023-04-06

प्रस्तुत लेख लेखनाथ पौड्यालका कवितामा पूर्वीय दर्शनको पृष्ठभूमि र अन्तर्विकाससँग सम्बन्धित छ । विषयवस्तुअनुसार यस लेखको शीर्षक लेखनाथका कवितामा पूर्वीय दर्शनको पृष्ठभूमि र अन्तर्विकास राखिएको छ । पूर्वीय दर्शनसँग सम्बन्धित विषयलाई मुख्य केन्द्रविन्दु मानेर लेखनाथका सीमित फुटकर कविताहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पौड्यालका फुटकर रचनाका सन्दर्भमा प्रशस्तै खोज, अनुसन्धान भए पनि उनका कवितामा पूर्वीय दर्र्शनको पृष्ठभूमि के हो र कविताभित्र पूर्वीय दर्शन कसरी विकसित हुँदै गएको छ भन्ने विषयमा आधिकारिक अनुसन्धान भएको छैन । तसर्थ लेखनाथका कवितामा पूर्वीय दर्शनको पृष्ठभूमि के हो र उनका कवितामा पूर्वीय दर्शनको अन्तर्विकास कसरी हुँदै गएको छ भन्ने मूल समस्याको समाधेय पक्ष नै यस लेखको निष्कर्ष हो । सामग्री सङ्कलनका रूपमा पुस्तकालय कार्यको अवलम्बन गरिएको यस लेखमा लेखनाथका ।।।वियोगिनी विलाप,’ ।।।वर्षा विचार’, ।।।कवि कवितालाप’, ।।।ईश्वर स्तुति पद्य’ १, नैतिक दृष्टान्त’, ।।।विज्ञानको मोह’, ।।।गौँथलीको चिरिबिरी’ र ।।।आखिरी कविता’ जस्ता फुटकर कविताहरूलाई प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा लिइएको छ भने द्वितीयक स्रोतका रूपमा पूर्वीय दर्शनका सैद्धान्तिक कृति र लेखनाथका कवितामा विश्लेषण गरिएका अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख, शोधग्रन्थ, पत्रपत्रिका वा पुस्तकहरूलाई आधार मानिएको छ । पूर्वीय दर्शनका मूलभूत मान्यताहरूलाई पृष्ठभूमि मानेर लेखनाथको बाल्यकाल, अध्ययन, शिक्षादीक्षासँग सम्बन्धित आधिकारिक प्रमाणका साथै उनका कविताहरूका पङ्क्तिहरूलाई दृष्टान्त दिएर पाठपरक विश्लेषण विधिको प्रयोग गरी यो लेख तयार पारिएको छ । लेखनाथ जीवनको प्रारम्भिक अवस्थादेखि नै पूर्वीय दर्शनका विविध पक्षहरूबाट प्रभावित देखिन्छन् । नैतिक पक्षमाथि बाल्यकालदेखि नै जोड दिँदै आएका लेखनाथको ६० बर्से लेखनयात्राको अधिकांश समय पूर्वीय दर्शनकै सेरोफेरोमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । १९६३ को ।।।सुन्दरी’ पत्रिकामा प्रकाशित ।।।कलिका विलासी’ कविताबाट आध्यात्मिक पूर्वीय दर्शनका पक्षमा लेखकको कलम झुकेको छ । ।।।वर्षा विचार’ सम्म आइपुग्दा लेखनाथमा पूर्वीय दर्शनले गहिरो प्रभाव पारिसकेको छ भने १९९१ पछिका कविता काव्यहरूमा उनी पूर्णतः पूर्वीय दर्शनकै पक्षधर बनेर दर्शनलाई उत्कर्ष विन्दुमा पु¥याउन सफल बनेका छन् । पूर्वीय दर्शनलाई परिपाकमा पु¥याउन ।।।तरुण तपसी’ सर्वाधिक महŒवपूर्ण कृति मानिन्छ । जीवनको अन्तिम घडीमा आइपुग्दा ।।।आखिरी कविता’ रचेर कविले आफूलाई आध्यात्मिक तथा पूर्वीय दर्शनका पक्षमा उभ्याएका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्षमा यो लेख केन्द्रित छ । लेखनाथका कविताहरूको विश्लेषणले उनी पूर्वीय दर्शनका सशक्त कवि हुन् र बाल्यकालबाट नै उनमा पूर्वीय दर्शनको प्रभाव रहँदै आएको प्रमाणित गरेको छ ।

उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा जीवनीपरकता

जीवन श्रेष्ठ — 2023-04-17

पछिल्लो समयका औपन्यासिक कृतिहरु उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यास हुन् । राजनीतिक परिवर्तिन र उपन्यासमा देखापरेका नवीन प्रवृत्तिका कारण २०५० सालपछिका उपन्यास पूर्ववर्ती चरणका कृतिहरुभन्दा भिन्न रहेका छन् । यस आधारमा नेपाली उपन्यासमा २०५० सालपछिको
समयावधिउत्तरवर्ती चरण हो । यस चरणका उपन्यासमा नवीन विषय र शिल्पको खोजी गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा पछिल्लो समय जीवनीपरकतालाई पनि नवीन विषयका रुपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । जीवनीपरकता भनेको –जीवनमा आधारित उपन्यासको विषयगत प्रयोग हो । यसै सन्दर्भमा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा विषयका रूपमा जीवनीपरकताको प्रयोग के–कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित भएर यो शोधलेख तयार गरिएको छ । यसको समाधानका लागि सोद्देश्यमूलक समग्र छनोट विधिका आधारमा विश्लेष्य उपन्यासहरू चयन गरिएको छ । त्यसमा पनि उत्तरवर्ती चरणको पहिलो दशकका उपन्यासको मात्र अध्ययन गरिएको छ । समस्याको समाधानका लागि गरिने प्रायोगिक कार्यका लागि आवश्यक तथ्यहरू विश्लेष्य उपन्यासहरूबाट लिइएको छ । यसरी गरिएको अध्ययनले जीवनीपरकता उत्तरवर्ती चरणको विषयगत प्रवृत्ति रहेको देखाएको छ । यस चरणमा लेखक स्वयम्को जीवनीमा आधारित उपन्यास र अन्य जीवनीमा आधारित उपन्यास गरीमुख्यतः दुई प्रकारका जीवनीपरक उपन्यासहरू पाइएका छन् । पहिलो प्रकारका उपन्यासहरूमा पनि काल्पनिक पात्रका माध्यमबाट अभिलेखकीय जीवन र लेखक स्वयम् पात्रका रूपमा उपस्थित भएर प्रस्तुत लेखकीय जीवन गरी दुई पद्धति उपयोग गरिएको छ । अन्य जीवनीमा आधारित कृतिमा उपन्यासकारको उपस्थिति गौण रहेर वण्र्य–पात्र मुख्य भूमिकामा रहेको छ । यसको प्रयोगले नेपाली उपन्यासको विषयगत आयामलाई फराकिलो बनाएको छ । साथै महान् व्यक्तिहरूको जीवनवृत्तमा आधारित इतिहासलेखनकोव्यक्तिजीवनीका माध्यमबाट इतिहास लेखनको नवीन आयाम पनि खोजी गरेको छ ।