Sociology of Leisure: Cultivating Health and Mindful Happiness through ‘Shrimad Bhagavadgita’

Abstract

This study draws on Thorstein Veblen’s theory of leisure, particularly his idea of conspicuous consumption, which describes leisure activities pursued mainly to display social status. In contrast, the focus here is on mindful leisure practices — activities not aimed at impressing others, but at enhancing an individual’s overall well-being. To explore this, the paper examines the experiences of people who follow the teachings of the Shrimad  Bhagavadgita as a means of cultivating health and happiness through mindful leisure. The Shrimad Bhagavadgita, a part of the Indian epic Mahabharata, is a profound dialogue between Arjuna and Lord Krishna, set on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. In it, Krishna addresses Arjuna’s moral struggle on the eve of war, offering guidance that extends far beyond the immediate context of battle. Its timeless philosophical messages are relevant even today, providing principles for living a balanced, purposeful, and righteous life. In the modern world, rising stress levels and mental health challenges have led many to seek inner stability. Practitioners of the Gita’s teachings often report improved mental well-being and a greater sense of peace. Beyond its spiritual authority, recent research frames the Gita as a source of psychological insight. The exchanges between Krishna and Arjuna  can even be compared to early forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), with Krishna helping  Arjuna reframe his thoughts, regulate his emotions, and confront his fears — much like modern therapeutic practices. The Gita’s core paths — Karma Yoga (selfless action),  Bhakti Yoga (devotion), and Jnana Yoga (knowledge) — together offer a holistic approach to nourishing the mind, body, and soul. When incorporated into daily or leisure activities, these teachings can foster inner calm, resilience, and self-awareness, while encouraging detachment from purely material goals. Qualitative research and thematic analysis suggest that integrating such mindful  practices into leisure not only supports personal well-being, but also provides an antidote to the consumerist lifestyle, promoting lasting health and happiness.