Strengthening the National Assembly of Nepal

Abstract

This paper examines the constitutional design, composition, and performance of National Assembly within the federal parliamentary system. Drawing on qualitative analysis of constitutional provisions, parliamentary practice since 2018, and comparative theories of bicameralism, it assesses the Assembly’s legislative, oversight, and stabilizing roles. The study finds that while the National Assembly exercises decisive authority in constitutional amendments and emergency matters, its influence over routine legislation and executive oversight remains limited due to patronage-based representation and constrained institutional capacity. It argues that strengthening the National Assembly depends less on expanding formal powers and more on improving membership quality, committee effectiveness, and deliberative practice to enhance federal balance and democratic accountability in Nepal.