Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects in a Tertiary Hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal

Authors

  • Henish Shakya KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-9236
  • Meenu Maharjan KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
  • Ashish Lakhey KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v5i2.51762

Keywords:

Birth defects; Congenital anomalies; Newborns

Abstract

Introduction: Birth defect is one of the least studied areas in most developing countries like Nepal where low birth weight, prematurity, sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia are still the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality. However, studies have shown that the incidence of birth defects is increasing trend and has significant impacts on individuals, families, healthcare, and society. Awareness of birth defects is essential in both prevention as well as early intervention. The objective of this study was to find out the pattern and prevalence of birth defects presenting in newborns in KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in the NICU, Nursery, and postnatal wards of KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal from August 2018 to August 2020. The study population included all inborn newborns with birth defects, stillbirths, and IUFD of more than 22 weeks gestation with birth defects. Outborn babies admitted in Nursery/NICU and abortions of less than 22 weeks gestation were excluded from the study. The data was collected using WHO based surveillance system with a clinical
review. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Prevalence and pattern of birth defects were expressed in frequency and percentages. 
Results: In a total delivery of 3360, the incidence of the birth defect was 3.75% (n=126). Of the total birth defects, 28.9% (n=112) were born alive and 11.1% (n=14) were stillborn. Among the live births, 2.4% (n=3) died during their hospital stay. The commonly occurring birth defects were cardiovascular (35.7%, n=45) followed by oro-facial defects (23%, n=29), genitourinary (15.9%, n=20), musculoskeletal (15%, n=19), central nervous system (15%, n=19), various syndromes (7.1%, n=9), gastrointestinal (4.7%, n=6) and respiratory (0.8%, n=1).
Conclusions: The true magnitude of birth defects in Nepal is unknown due to the lack of national birth defect surveillance. The lack of proper data regarding birth defects is undermining its impact on perinatal health. Awareness about the birth defect and their prevalence can significantly affect the prevention strategy and the management plan in decreasing perinatal mortality and subsequent neonatal and infant mortality as well.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Abstract
64
PDF
156

Author Biographies

Henish Shakya, KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal

Department of Pediatrics

Meenu Maharjan, KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Ashish Lakhey, KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal

Department of Pathology

Downloads

Published

2022-12-30

How to Cite

Shakya, H., Maharjan, M., & Lakhey, A. (2022). Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects in a Tertiary Hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal. Nepalese Medical Journal, 5(2), 606–610. https://doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v5i2.51762

Issue

Section

Original Articles