Assessment of Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes among the Adult Population Residing at Gokarneshwor Municipality, Kathmandu

Abstract

Diabetes is agrowing global burden disease for individuals, families and countries. It has emerged as a major global health challenge affecting people in low- and middle-income countries including Nepal. Diabetes leads to extensive morbidity and mortality, prediction of one’s high risk for type II diabetes is an important issue as it can lead to early recognition and treatment. Therefore, this study was carried out to find the risk of developing type II Diabetes among the adult population residing at Gokarneshwor Municipality in Kathmandu. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 adults aged 18 years and above of Gokarneshwor Municipality in ward number 1 from August-September 2025. Non-probability convenience sampling techniques was used to collect the data. SPSS-16 was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics such as median, frequency and inferential statistics such as chi-square tests were used. The study revealed that over a third (38.1%) of respondents were below 35 years. Majority (66.3%) of respondents were female and only (33.7%) were male. Only (20.3%) of the respondents had family history of diabetes. Most of the respondents (65.3%) performed moderate physical exercise. Less than half (39.1%) of the respondents had waist circumference ≥90 in females and ≥100 in males. The proportion of respondents with high risk, moderate risk and low risk of developing diabetes were 29.7%, 50.5%, and 19.8% respectively. The analysis showed body mass index (P =0.003) was significantly associated with risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study showed nearly one-third of the study participants were in high-risk group and half of them were at moderate risk of developing type II diabetes Mellitus. This increasing risk of development of type 2 diabetes in this population can be prevented by prompt awareness of preventive measures through lifestyle modifications.