Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study in Kathmandu, Nepal

Authors

  • Rajendra Prasad Parajuli Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), California, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-7212
  • Niten Bharati Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Shristi Bhandari Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Dharmaraj Kumar Patel Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Arti Neupane Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Zainuddin Ansari Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Siddha Raj Ojha Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Anju Karmacharya Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Anisha KC Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Rachana Bhusal Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Yamini Chettri Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Merina Lama Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Tsunami Thapa Magar Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Minu Shilpakar Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Sandhya Gautam Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Madan Nepal Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Navin Kumar Yadav Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Muna Bhattarai Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Bimala Bhattarai Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Shaniya Bhusal Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Ganesh Chaudhary Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Jitendra Gautam Central Department of Zoology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univerity, P.O. Box: 11191, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
  • Shyam Prakash Dumre Central Department of Microbiology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v26i2.67202

Keywords:

Antimicrobial resistance, clinical specimens, bacterial isolates, Nepal

Abstract

Antibiotics are vital in combating infectious diseases, yet their increasing use fosters resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising in Nepal due to factors such as indiscriminate, inappropriate, and inadequate antibiotic usage. This study aims to explore the association between demographic factors and the prevalence of specific bacterial strains within the surveyed population. Additionally, it seeks to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of these bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility or resistance data were retrieved from the Medical Records Department (MRD) of the Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital (MMMCTH) in Kathmandu. Samples from patients with certain types of bacterial infections were included, with 56 from sputum reports, 46 from urine, and 8 from blood samples out of 110 retrieved. Analysis revealed that sputum samples were mostly from older males, while urine samples were mostly from females. Yet, gender did not significantly influence bacterial presence across sample types. Overall, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterium (74%), followed by Salmonella typhi (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (23%) isolated from different type of clinical samples. Altogether, 6-15 antibiotics were assessed for sensitivity, with 2–6 antibiotics showing sensitivity to blood bacteria, 1-6 antibiotics demonstrating sensitivity to sputum bacteria, and 3–8 antibiotics exhibiting sensitivity to urine bacteria. Many investigated antibiotics were resistant, only gentamicin exhibited sensitivity for all types of bacteria found in blood, sputum and urine. These findings underscore the importance of discerning bacterial resistance patterns for effective antimicrobial treatment selection.

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Published

2024-07-01

How to Cite

Parajuli, R. P., Bharati, N., Bhandari, S., Patel, D. K., Neupane, A., Ansari, Z., Ojha, S. R., Karmacharya, A., KC, A., Bhusal, R., Chettri, Y., Lama, M., Thapa Magar, T., Shilpakar, M., Gautam, S., Nepal, M., Yadav, N. K., Bhattarai, M., Bhattarai, B., Bhusal, S., Chaudhary, G., Gautam, J., & Dumre, S. P. (2024). Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal Medical College Journal, 26(2), 132–137. https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v26i2.67202

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Original Articles

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Copyright (c) 2024 Nepal Medical College Journal

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