Geotourism Potential in Pokhara Valley Hills, Western Nepal

Abstract

Abstract

Geo-tourism, a form of sustainable tourism based on geological and geomorphological heritage, offers significant potential for socio-economic development and geo-education in the Himalaya. Pokhara Valley, the second largest intermontane piggyback basin of Nepal formed by Himalaya tectonics and upliftment of Mahabharat Range, is surrounded by geologically diverse mountain ranges, characterized by active tectonic, river incision, debris flows and karst processes. This study explores and evaluates potential mountain terrain in the surrounding hills of the Pokhara Valley for the development of geo-tourism. Eight sites; Nirmal Pokhari, Pumdikot, Methlang, Kaskikot, Sarankot, Dhampus, Dhikidada, and Thulakot, were selected. The geo-tourism potential of each site was assessed using qualitative and semi-quantative criteria adapted from established geosite evaluation frameworks, including geological significance of sites, scenic and aesthetic value, accessibility from Pokhara, safety of sites as well as visitors, present conservation status and elements of vulnerability, awareness of the local community regarding geological sites and promoting tourism, uniqueness of the site for observation, in fractures and logistic, community involvement in sites, site management, and policy support. The results indicate that Pumdikot ranks highest among the studied sites, followed by Sarankot, Nirmal Pokhari, and Dhikidada, although all sites possess considerable geo-tourism potential. The surrounding hills of the Pokhara Valley function as natural open-air laboratories, offering opportunities to learn geomorphic processes, landscape evolution, and human-environmental interactions. This study recommends government about the necessity of investment for basic infrastructure, geo-interpretation facilities, and community capacity enhancement as well as strong coordination is necessary among local bodies, tourism authorities, and academic institutions for sustainable tourism in western Nepal.