Spatial and Architectural Analysis of Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Vernacular Architecture in the Chhantyal Village of Gurja Khani, Dhaulagiri, Nepal

Abstract

The vernacular settlement of the Chhantyal community in Gurja Khani village, located in the Dhaulagiri region of central-western Nepal, remains vibrant and continues to reflect the socio-cultural heritage, historical continuity, and sustainable lifestyle of this rural society. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of Gurja Khani, examining its geographical context, settlement patterns, community structure, clustered housing arrangements, social organization, and ritual practices. The research identifies and categorizes three primary dwelling typologies based on their morphological development and functional characteristics: (1) the original form of dwellings, (2) evolved forms with extended porches, and (3) dwellings exhibiting variations in form and number of storeys. These typologies are analyzed in relation to construction techniques, spatial organization, and community usage of open spaces, both within and around the dwellings. The integration of building materials and construction methods with the local terrain and climatic conditions demonstrates an adaptive architectural approach, resulting in a settlement that is ecologically responsive and socially cohesive. This vernacular architecture not only sustains traditional lifeways but also embodies the identity and collective memory of the Chhantyal community and their place in the landscape.