Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Advancements

Study of Phytosociological Parameters and Carbon Stock between Two Community Forest of Different Ecological Regions of Udaypur District of Nepal

Santosh Ayer — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study compared the regeneration status, vegetation diversity, stand structure, and carbon stock of two community-managed forests located in different ecological regions of Nepal. A total of 61 concentric sample plots were investigated by using systematic random sampling with 1 % sampling intensity. The phytosociological parameters of trees and regeneration density were calculated using standard techniques. The aboveground tree carbon was estimated using a non-destructive method. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the variation of carbon stock with biomass, stand density, tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, basal area, and seedling density. Janata community forest (CF) had higher regeneration than the Hazare CF, with a bell-shaped distribution of DBH in Janata CF and an interrupted curve in Hazare CF. Both forests were dominated by Shorea robusta. Hazare CF had higher Shannon diversity index, Simpson's index, and evenness index, while Janata CF had higher carbon stock. The observed differences in the studied parameters between the two community forests can be attributed to the difference in ecological factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil nutrient availability, and management practices. Future studies focusing on investigating the underlying factors driving the observed patterns and relationships, such as the effects of disturbance, climate, and management practices on forest structure and function are also needed. These findings have important implications for forest management and conservation policies, especially in the context of climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.

Mathematical Derivations of Actuarial Present Value for the Fully Continuous Whole Life Assurances from the Theoretical Market Price

Michael Gbenga Ogungbenle, Kessel Ezekiel — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Many current mortality tables are computationally Makehamised but technically devoid of continuous key life table functions such as and because of the underlying sophisticated mortality functions and the complex methods of computation which usually do not incorporate the market price. The computationally advanced Moore’s model, which does not endorse the market pricing mechanisms offers one of the most complex analytical results that seems not user friendly in actuarial literature. As a result of the Moore’s complexity, we offer the Gradshteyn and Ryzhik’s analytic integral as an alternative solution to examine the contingency issues involving the estimation of actuarial present values of the continuous whole life annuities. In this study, the objective are to (i) estimate the parameters of GM (1,2) through the method of equidistant points according to the natural order of human age (ii) Apply the mean value theorem to construct the survival probability function under the framework of policy modifications (iii) Develop a closed form pricing formula for the continuous whole life annuity and continuous whole life insurance. The Gradshteyn and Ryzhik’s analytic integral has eliminated the Moore’s complexities associated with symbolic computations such that the continuity assumption applied allows us to compute the continuous life annuity with expedience. Computational evidence further shows that the continuous life annuity reduces with age confirming that life annuities is a decreasing function.

Exploring the Critical Barriers Towards Women Participation in Surveying and Geo-Informatics Practices

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Surveying and geo-informatics stand as a significant field at the intersection of science, technology, and spatial management, playing a crucial role in informing decision-making across various industries. However, the surveying and geo-informatics field suffers from the underrepresentation of women professionals. This underrepresentation carries significant implications hindering diversity of knowledge and skills. In order to build a more inclusive and equitable professional environment, the study aims to identify and analyse the identified barriers to offer insight and strategies to enhance women's participation. Data were gathered using a mixed-methods (sequential exploratory) approach, which included interviews and structured questionnaires (five Likert scale) with professionals in the field. Twenty-five participants and 138 responses were considered for the study. Statistical tests such as Cronbach's Alpha, mean ranking, one sample t-test, Chi-square, Kruskal Wallis, and factor analysis were conducted to investigate the significance and relationship between the identified barriers. The result shows that the participation of women in the surveying and geo-informatics field is low. Similarly, the study shows that the barriers are critical to the participation of women in the field, considering their significance level. In addition, a rotation of the component matrix reveals three dimensions: equity and inclusion, career advancement and assistance, and gender equality and empowerment. These factors offer a thorough foundation for comprehending the many difficulties women in the field encounter. The study developed various strategies tailored to mitigate each barrier component. The findings of this study add to the body of knowledge on gender differences in surveying and geo-informatics practises and offer policymakers, organisations, and stakeholders valuable insights. Eliminating these obstacles will improve gender diversity, encourage inclusivity, and fully utilise the talents of women, ultimately resulting in a more innovative and sustainable surveying and geo-informatics profession in Nigeria.

A Systematic Climatology Report of Aviation Weather Hazards on Yangon Airport Region

Kyaw Than Oo, Kazora Jonah, Kyaw Lwin Oo — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The primary goal of the research was to examine the aviation climatology analysis of the thunderstorms and fog on study area based on the statistical evaluation of the meteorological station's observation data. Weather is a critical factor in aviation, profoundly affecting aircraft operations and safety. The global aviation industry, with a staggering economic impact of $3.5 trillion and contributing 4.1 percent of global GDP, relies heavily on weather data and analysis. Study used METAR data from Myanmar's Yangon International Airport (VYY). Analysis of METAR, flight delay and accident data revealed that the influence of thunderstorms and fog might have had a direct or indirect impact on most accidents over study area. The frequency analysis method were primarily used in this study and the new method of fog event analysis came out. The two meteorological occurrences, thunderstorm rain (TSRA) and fog (FG), are also high frequency at VYY in a year and TSRA is a larger risk than FG for aviation operation due to its relative other weather phenomena. The July is the maximum TSRA occurrence month and total annual frequency analysis revealed that TSRA days are becoming more common year by year because of study. In addition, the total number of days with fog varies from 23 to 91 per year, with the most frequent time of day being between 2300 and 01:00 UTC. The conditions where the fog was most likely to form were those when the minimum temperature fell between 16 and 27 °C (liquid fog). The study raises a new question and a new possibility for viewing climatology from a new perspective. The insights gained from this report can contribute to the development of tailored weather forecasting and alert systems for pilots and airport personnel. Further deep study for systematic prediction of each hazards are leaved for future work.

Predictors of Institutional Delivery in Nepal: Analyzing Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Nepal has made remarkable progress in reducing the MMR and achieving the MMR-related goal of MDG-5A by 2015. Still, a substantial number of women deliver at home. Still, a significant number of women deliver at home. WHO estimated that 15% of women will suffer severe complications during delivery and pregnancy, leading to most maternal deaths. In Nepal, 1 out of 2 neonatal deaths and 2 out of 5 maternal deaths occur at home. Due to this, institutional delivery is considered the key and proven intervention to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. The study aims to assess the trends in institutional delivery and its associated factors in Nepal. This study used the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 dataset to analyze a subset of 5060 women aged 15–49 who had given birth within the five years before the survey. The survey employed a three-stage cluster sampling method for the urban region and a two-stage cluster sampling method for the rural region, including the most recent birth in the study. The obtained data were weighted and analyzed using Chi-square, and the variables found to be significant in Chi-square were introduced with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify the predictors. This study found that caste/ethnicity, place of residence, ecological zone, province, wealth quintile, mother’s education, occupation, birth order, ANC visit, and birth preparedness were independently associated with institutional delivery. To achieve the SDG target of 90% by 2030, we must address these factors and increase the institutional delivery rate.

Status of Occupational Health and Safety in Nepal: Current Scenario and Strategies for Improvement

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Occupational health is a vital aspect of public health that aims to ensure the well-being of workers in various occupations. It encompasses multiple academic fields, such as occupational medicine, nursing, ergonomics, psychology, hygiene, and safety. Despite global efforts to improve occupational health, access to occupational health and safety (OHS) services remains low in many countries, including South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Botswana, China, and Nepal. This review paper was conducted through an extensive literature review. Databases such as Science Direct, Springer, NepJol, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched to access a wide range of scholarly articles, research papers, and reports. The findings reveal that occupational workers face various hazards, including exposure to infectious diseases, radiation, hazardous chemicals, noise, and psychosocial risks. In Nepal, workers in industries such as agriculture, construction, and brick manufacturing are particularly vulnerable to these hazards. Lack of proper safety measures, inadequate access to clean drinking water and sanitation, child labor, and physical strain contribute to the high incidence of work-related diseases and injuries among workers. The study also highlights the policies and initiatives undertaken by the government of Nepal to improve occupational health and safety, including the Labor Act of 1992, the Occupational Safety and Health Project, and the Nepal National Building Code. The study emphasizes the urgent need to improve occupational health and safety conditions in Nepal. It highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures, raising awareness, providing training and education, and establishing standards to protect the health and well-being of workers.