Interdisciplinary Research in Education

Editorial Vol.8(1)

Peshal Khanal — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

No abstract available.

आषाढको पन्ध्र निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त ध्वनिसौन्दर्यको शैक्षणिक उपादेयता

रविकिरण अधिकारी — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत लेख निबन्धकार लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाद्वारा रचित ‘आषाढको पन्ध्र’ निबन्धमा आधारित छ । आचार्य आनन्दवर्धनद्वारा प्रतिपादित ध्वनि सिद्धान्तका आधारमा उक्त निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त ध्वन्यार्थ पहिचान गरी त्यसको साहित्यिक प्रयोजन एवम् कलात्मक रूपान्तरणको विश्लेषण गरी शैक्षणिक उपादेयता ठम्याउनु यस लेखको उद्देश्य हो । यस अध्ययनमा पूर्वस्थापित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा तथ्यविश्लेषण गरिएको हुँदा मूल रूपमा निगमनात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ अनि साक्ष्यहरूको प्रस्तुति र स्पष्टीकरणका लागि आगमनात्मक विधिकोे समेत उपयोग गरी कृतिविश्लेषणको ध्वनिवादी पद्धतिका आधारमा निबन्धको विश्लेषण गरी त्यसलाई शैक्षणिक सन्दर्भसँग आबद्ध गरिएको छ । प्रथम आधुनिक आत्मपरक निबन्धरचना भनेर चिनिने ‘आषाढको पन्ध्र’ मा स्वच्छन्दतावादी विचारलाई निबन्ध संरचनामा संश्लेषण गरेर प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यसमा विचारको कलात्मक रूपान्तरण भएको छ र त्यसो हुनुमा ध्वनिसामथ्र्यले सघाएको छ । आगतप्रति निश्चिन्त रही विगतबाट सिक्दै वर्तमानमा कर्मशील र अकृत्रिम तरिकाले बाँच्नु नै जीवनको सार्थकता हो भन्ने अभिप्राय निबन्धमा ध्वनित भएको छ । अतः ध्वनिसौन्दर्य एवम् कलात्मक मूल्यका दृष्टिले ‘आषाढको पन्ध्र’ निबन्धको स्थान उच्च छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । विधा शिक्षणका सन्दर्भमा शब्दभण्डार वृद्धिका साथसाथै भाषाको सिर्जनात्मक समीक्षात्मक अभिव्यक्ति कौशलको विकासका लागि विवेच्य निबन्धको शिक्षणबाट प्रचुर सहयोग लिन सकिने प्रस्तुत अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।

निर्वाचनमा नागरिक दायित्व

श्यामप्रसाद फूएल — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत लेख निर्वाचनप्रति नागरिक सहभागिता अभिवृद्धिका आधारहरूको खोजी गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ । मतदानले निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधिलाई दायित्व बोध र सचेत गराउँदछ । लोकतन्त्रलाई जीवन्त र गतिशील बनाउने काममा आवधिक निर्वाचनको अहम् भूमिका रहन्छ । लोकतन्त्रको आधारका रूपमा रहेको निर्वाचनमा व्यापक जनसमर्थन र सहभागिताको खाँचो पर्दछ । लोकतन्त्रको अस्तित्व एवम् निर्वाचनको सार्थकता जनसहभागितामा अडेको हुनाले नागरिक सहभागिताको आधारलाई पहिचान गर्दै थप अभिवृद्धिका उपायहरूको खोजी गर्नु यस लेखको मूल उद्देश्य हो । गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको यस लेखमा द्वितीयक सामग्रीको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गर्दै निष्कर्षमा पुग्ने कोसिस गरिएको छ । यो लेख वर्णनात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन विधिमा आधारित छ । यसमा निर्वाचन र नागरिक सहभागिताको विषयलाई मात्र आधार मानेर अघि बढ्ने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ । निर्वाचनमा नागरिकहरूको राजनीतिक संस्कार निर्माणमा आधारको खोजी गर्दै निष्पक्ष निर्वाचनका मार्गहरू पहिल्याउनका लागि समेत सहभागिताको प्रश्न टड्कारो रूपमा देखा पर्दछ । सहभागिताले निर्वाचनको सार्थकता र विश्वसनीयता थप्ने हुनाले यस लेखमा प्रस्तुत सहभागिताका आधारहरूलाई सम्बन्धित पक्षले अवलम्बन गरेमा निर्वाचनको गरिमालाई अझ उच्चो बनाउन मद्दत मिल्ने अपेक्षा गर्न सकिन्छ । प्रतिनिधिको छनोटमा आम नागरिकहरूको व्यापक र सक्रिय सहभागिताले मात्र शासकलाई जवाफदेही बनाउन सकिने हुनाले निर्वाचन प्रक्रिया पूर्ण रूपमा जनसहभागितामा अडेको हुन्छ भन्ने कुरा पुष्टि हुन्छ ।

‘प्रिय मौनता’ कविता सङ्ग्रहमा प्रतीकको उपयोग

राजेन्द्र खनाल — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

‘प्रिय मौनता’ कविता सङ्ग्रहमा उपयोग गरिएका प्रतीक पहिचान गरी तिनको विश्लेषण गर्नु यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । वर्णनात्मक विधिमा आधारित यस लेखमा पुस्तकालीय अध्ययन प्रक्रियाबाट तथ्य सङ्कलन गरी तिनको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा प्रतीकविधानको सैद्धान्तिक स्वरूप उल्लेख गरिएको छ । उक्त सिद्धान्तमा आधारित भई प्राणीजन्य प्रतीक, वस्तुजन्य प्रतीक तथा परिवेशजन्य प्रतीक पहिचान गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । विश्लेष्य कवितासङ्ग्रह समाविष्ट कविताहरूमा भावनात्मक प्रकटन मात्र नभई ज्ञान र अनुभवको मिश्रण पनि पाइन्छ । सङ्गृहीत कविताहरूमध्ये अधिकांश कवितामा नारीवादी विचार सघन देखिन्छ भने लैङ्गिक समभाव एवम् सन्तुलनको अपेक्षा पनि गरिएको छ । सङ्ग्रहका केही कवितामा सांस्कृतिक सचेतना प्रकट भएको छ भने कतिपय कवितामा समसामयिक नेपाली समाजका विकृति एवम् विसङ्गतितर्पm व्यङ्ग्य पनि गरिएको छ । कविद्वारा वर्गीय, लैङ्गिक तथा मानवतावादी विचारलाई प्रभावमय बनाउनका निम्तिसान्दर्भिक प्रतीकको उपयोग गरिएको छ । कविता सङ्ग्रहमा प्रायः प्रतीक पदावलीकै रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ । विभिन्न कवितामा एउटै प्रतीक पनि दुई वा सोभन्दा बढी स्थानमा प्रयुक्त छन् । कवितामा वस्तुजन्य प्रतीकको आधिक्य पाइन्छ । कविताको शीर्षक र विषयवस्तुअनुसारका प्रतीक प्रयोगले प्रस्तुति अर्थपूर्ण र प्रभावकारी बनेको देखिन्छ । कवितामा प्रतीकका कारण कविले व्यक्त गर्न चाहेको भाव तथा विचार शिष्ट र आलङ्कारिक शैलीमा सघन किसिमले प्रकट भएको देखिन्छ । सघन भाव र विचार प्रस्तुतिका लागि प्रतीकको समीचीन प्रयोगमा कवि सचेत र सक्षम देखिन्छन् ।

बालकथाको विकास र शैक्षणिकता

केशव भुसाल — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

प्रस्तुत लेख बालकथाको विकास र शैक्षणिकता अध्ययनमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा बालकथाको परिचय, नेपाली बालकथाको विकास र शैक्षणिकताबारे अध्ययन गरिएको छ । बालकथाको परिचय दिनु, नेपाली बालकथाको विकासक्रम पहिल्याउनु, बालकथाको शैक्षणिकता प्रस्तुत गर्नु प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका मूलभूत उद्देश्य रहेका छन् । यो अध्ययन मूलतः गुणात्मक अनुसन्धानमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनमा वर्णनात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतिको अनुप्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसमा आवश्यक सामग्रीहरुको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनका माध्यमबाट गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा मुख्यतः नेपाली र अङ्ग्रेजी सैद्धान्तिक सामग्रीहरूको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट बालकथा बालबालिकाका लागि लेखिएको रचनाका रूपमा रहेको , यो प्रौढ साहित्यभन्दा भिन्न एवम् पृथक रहेको, यसको विकासक्रम फरकफरक विद्वान्हरूद्वारा फरकफरक किसिमले प्रस्तुत गरिएको, यसको शैक्षणिकताका लागि बालबालिकाको रुचि, स्तर, मनोविज्ञान र पठनीयतामा ध्यान दिनुपर्ने आवश्यकता रहेकोलगायतका निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन बालकथाको परिचय, विकास र यसको शैक्षणिकताबारे जानकारी लिन चाहने जोकोहीका लागि पनि उपयोगी हुने विश्वास लिइएको छ ।

मुनामदन खण्डकाव्यको समाज भाषिक अध्ययन

दावा शेर्पा — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

समाज भाषिक अध्ययन विशेषतः समाजशास्त्र, मानवशास्त्र र मानवीय समाजका सम्पूर्ण पक्षको सांस्कृतिक प्रतिमान, सम्भावना र सन्दर्भसहित भाषामाथिको अध्ययन हुन्छ । खण्डकाव्यका पत्राहरूको प्रयुक्त भाषाका आधारमा समाज र भाषा तथा भाषा र संस्कृतिको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । तसर्थः मुना, मदन, नैनी फुपु, आमा, भोटे र गुन्डाद्वारा प्रयुक्त भाषिक सञ्चारमा भाषाको समाजपरक र समाजको भाषापरक अध्ययन गरिएको छ । समाज भाषिक सिद्घान्तअनुसार मानिसको सोच्ने प्रक्रिया भाषाले निर्धारण गर्दछ, जसलाई भाषिक सापेक्षतावाद भनिन्छ । यहीँ सिद्घान्त नै ‘मुनामदन’को साहित्य, साहित्यकार र समाजशास्त्रीय भाषिक अध्ययनका आधार हुन् । यसमा प्रकृतिक, ईश्वर र मानवताको त्रिकोणात्मक अन्तर सम्बन्ध रहेको छ । पहाड, हिमाल, खोलानाला, वन जङ्गल हिंस्रक जङ्गली जनावर प्रकृतिक हुन् भने ल्हासाका ठुलाठुला बुद्घका सुनौला मूर्ति र गुम्बाहरू तथा नेपालका पशुपति र गुह्येश्वरी मन्दिरहरू ईश्वरका प्रतीक हुन् । गुम्बाका वरिपरि ऊँ मणिपद्मे ! भन्दै माला जप्दै परिक्रम गर्ने बौद्घ भिक्षुहरू र दःखमा ईश्वरका प्रार्थना गर्नु समाजका धार्मिक तथा संस्कृतिक पक्षहरू हुन् । भोटेद्वारा मदनको स्याहार गरी निको पार्नु मानव समाजका आदर्शका उत्कृष्ट रूप हुन् । यी नेपाल र ल्हासा बिच रहेका ऐतिहासिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक र मानवीय सम्बन्धका प्रतिमान हुन् । खण्डकाव्यमा मदन ल्हासा गई धन कमाएर घर फर्किदा मुना ओइलिएर भुइँमा झरिसक्नु, मदनले अर्को जुनीमा फेरि स्वर्गमा भेट्ने बाँचा गर्नु भाषामाथिको समाजको प्रभाव हो । उनको अनुहार हेर्न व्यग्रताले बसेकी बुढी आमाको परमधाम हुनु तथा अन्त्यमा मदनको समेत देहावसानले समाजमा एउटा सुन्दर परिवारको वियोगान्त अन्त्य भएको छ । देवकोटाको मानवीय स्वतन्त्रता, समानता र भातृत्वको बोधलाई आत्मसात् गर्दै विबेच्य कृतिमा प्रयुक्त भाषाका आधारमा समाज र भाषा तथा भाषा र संस्कृतिको अध्ययन गरिएको छ ।

Beyond Expectations: Navigating the Gap Between Anticipated and Realized Collaborative Learning in Higher Education in Nepal

Hari Maya Sharma — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Collaborative learning is an effective approach in higher education to enhance students’ critical-thinking, problem-solving, and self-regulation skills. However, its implementation remains limited in many Nepalese institutions. In this context, this study aimed to explore the experiences of M.Ed. students of Department of English Education, University, T.U. focusing the gap between anticipated and realized collaborative learning experiences. The qualitative survey design was used for the study and questionnaire were data collection tool. A google form was circulated to 40 Master’s level students via email and the data were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that while students recognize the potential benefits of collaborative learning, they rarely get the opportunity to participate in such activities during the course cycle. When they do get the chance, they enjoy the opportunities. They advocated for a collaborative learning environment, focusing on preparing students for their future careers as teachers, and seeking equal opportunities for all participants.

COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effects on Mental Health: Challenges of Senior Citizens in Nepal

Milan Acharya, Minraj Adhikari — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the mental health problems of senior citizens (above 60 years) due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kirtipur municipality. A qualitative research design with purposive sampling was used to choose the senior citizens and the study area. Data were taken from ten in-depth interviews and ten observations. Data were analyzed through thematic and verbatim methods. It is found that senior citizens had mental tension such as losing self-confidence, anxiety, forgetfulness, and loss of interest in work due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this study, it is recommended that the Kirtipur municipality must identify the causes of the mental problems of senior citizens and support them to minimize the effects.

Engaged Learning Practices of Students in Chemistry Learning

Indra Raj Upadhyaya, Sharmila Pokharel, Parasmani Ghimire — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to investigate engaged learning practices among undergraduate students in the field of chemistry. The study employed quantitative research design with a total of 88 students from two university campuses in the Kathmandu valley. The research employed a 30-item questionnaire with Likert type, developed based on relevant literature on student engagement, to collect data. The results indicated that the students displayed high levels of behavioural engagement such as staying focused on their chemistry studies, following their teachers' instructions, and completing their assignments and projects on time. Moreover, they were also found to be actively engaged in cognitive practices such as setting learning goals, exhibiting curiosity and interest in chemistry, and putting effort into understanding the concepts. Additionally, the students demonstrated high levels of emotional engagement by exhibiting a desire to understand chemistry, enjoying learning new information, and feeling positive and enthusiastic about the subject. The results of this research hold practical significance for decision makers, science instructors, and future investigators in related areas. The findings have added to the knowledge of the engagement of university level students in their chemistry education. These findings can be used by science instructors and decision makers to create more engaging and effective chemistry learning environments. By providing students with opportunities to engage in active and meaningful learning, instructors can help to ensure that students are successful in their chemistry courses.

Environmental Pollution and its Effects on Human Health

Kalpana Gyawali, Pitambar Acharya, Deepak Poudel — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Environmental pollution poses a widespread issue with significant implications for the well-being of individuals and populations worldwide. The escalating utilization of fossil fuels, improper sewage disposal practices, and indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides contribute to the pervasive presence of environmental pollution across the globe. To assess the state of environmental pollution and its impact on human health on a global scale, a comprehensive review of relevant scholarly articles was undertaken. The deleterious effects of pollution manifest in elevated rates of cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory ailments, mental disorders, and diarrhea. Each year, approximately 7 million individuals succumb to air pollution-related causes, while an additional 1.6 million people perish due to diseases stemming from water pollution. Environmental pollution emerges as a principal determinant of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with low-income nations displaying heightened vulnerability. Given the escalating burden of pollution in the modern era, concerted and collaborative efforts by all relevant entities and nations are imperative to mitigate the extent and consequences of pollution on the global environment and human health.

Girl Students' Attitude towards Yoga in the Public Campuses of Kathmandu and Rautahat Districts in Nepal

Shailandra Chiluwal — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to find out and compare the attitude towards yoga among girl students in the public campuses of Kathmandu and Rautahat districts. A comparative descriptive study including multistage (convenient, census and simple random) sampling methods was done among the total 60 respondent students from two campuses of Kathmandu and one campus from Rautahat. An interview schedule including ten statements (five positive and five negative statements) in a five-point Likert scale format was used as the tool. The attitudes’ score of the students of Kathmandu was found better in all aspects than Rautahat. Total respondents of both districts had shown favorable scores i.e. obtained score > neutral score (1286 and 1065 > 900) or had positive attitude towards yoga. There was a significant difference on attitude towards yoga between the girls of both districts. The supporting variables in Kathmandu, i.e. positive gender feeling, leisure time, information, teachers’ factor, yoga proficiency, social belief, home and campus environment than in Rautahat, are indicated as role player in creating the difference in the attitudes of the girls.

Identification of at Risk Early Grade Children for Dyslexia by Using Prereading Skills in Nepal

Krishna Bahadur Thapa — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In developing countries like Nepal, dyslexia is still an unfamiliar subject for both public and academic professionals; however it needs to be identified among Nepalese children. The study aimed to (i) identify children at risk for dyslexia which might be considered as a general occurrence of dyslexia among Nepalese primary school children (ii) explore a set of predictive variables in identifying children at risk for dyslexia, and (iii) compare early grade reading skills of children at risk for dyslexia with age and grade-matched control group. Altogether, 554 children from grade 2 through 5 were screened by teachers employing an adapted TSQ and identified 75 children having most difficulty either in reading, spelling, mathematical calculation and behaviour problems by direct assessment administering RSAET and their performance was compared with a control group of 86 peers. The findings revealed that out of 554 children, 13.54% of children were identified at risk for dyslexia at the screening stage, but it was 12.63% verified by direct assessment. The logistic regression analysis classified the risk and control groups with a high accuracy of 91.89% based on reading tasks where prevailing sensitivity of 93.33% and specificity of 91.86% were estimated. Overall findings of the present study indicate that a significant number of early grade children are at-risk for dyslexia in Nepal. The findings are consistent with the prevalence of dyslexia reported by international studies. It highlights a need for full-fledged diagnostic studies that may reveal the actual picture of dyslexia in Nepal and inclusive education.

Teachers' Problems and Concerns in Teacher Education

Narayan Prasad Adhikari — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to find out the major problems and concerns of teachers in teacher education. This is a literature review based study. The descriptive method was employed in this study. The goal of a program called "teacher education" is to help educators become more effective and competent so they can fulfill the demands of their jobs and the problems posed by globalization. We must try to improve our teacher preparation program if we want to have good teachers. The findings indicate that teachers in Nepal confront a number of difficulties in their line of work. It was found that traditional curricula, a lack of developing creativity, life skills, and a lack of training in teaching skills, and traditional teaching strategies, low school supervision, insufficient empirical research, profit-oriented education, a lack of ICT-based teaching and learning, etc. are the main issues and problems in teacher education. Additionally, there is a serious issue due to the imbalance between the supply and demand for teachers. To improve the standard of teacher education, it is crucial to empower teachers to perform well. The corrective actions to enhance teacher education include proper scheduling and use of human resources, management of qualified staff, provision of adequate facilities and equipment, appropriate techniques, effective teaching practices, quality improvement, research skills, changes in the role of teachers, integration of ICT in teacher education, and other things. However, effective action should be taken by the central and local governments to strengthen the programs for teacher education.

Values-based Curriculum and Pedagogy for 21st century Learners: School Practices in Nepal

Romkanta Pokhrel, Bhagwan Aryal, Manual Selvarage Bexci — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Integrating values in curricular and pedagogical activities has become a pressing need to produce responsible social citizens with good hearts and great minds. To cultivate these traits, values need to be reflected in and be the part of school curriculum and pedagogy. In this context, school practices play a pivotal role to make values a part of everyday activity. This study attempts to examine such practices in public, private, and traditional/religious schools in Nepal. Schools were selected purposively by visiting their online profiles. Information was collected from twenty school heads via a semi-structured interview, school visits, and classroom observations. The study found that private and public schools have initiated teaching/integrating values through a range of curricular structures and pedagogical practices like happiness curriculum, IB curriculum, education in human values curriculum, living school curriculum, culture-based [sanskar] curriculum, progressive learning approach, and innovative pedagogical models. It was also found that schools have designed their internal curricula within the spirit of the national curriculum framework to integrate soft skills and values in regular lessons. Traditional/religious schools have been found blending general courses and certain religious values like Gurukul schools- teaching Vedic values, Madrasa schools- teaching Islamic values, Gonpas/Monasteries- teaching Buddhist/Tibetan values, and St. Xavier schools- teaching Jesuit values. Having these noticeable initiatives in values education in Nepal, effective endorsement from the policy level is required for visible impacts.

Women Empowerment in Higher Education in Nepal

Padma Koirala — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper attempts to address women's empowerment in higher education in Nepal. This is a review paper based on a systematic review of women's empowerment through education. The dictionary definition of empowerment refers to giving power and status to an individual or group in a particular situation. Empowerment enables them to increase access to opportunities without limitations, such as in education, profession, and lifestyle. This paper uses a systematic review method to focus on the role of education in women's empowerment. For this purpose, nine articles were selected for systematic review from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] model. The review materials that focused on the different dimensions of women’s empowerment, both theoretically and methodologically, were considered for systematic review. The systematic review results reveal that education is a precondition for women’s empowerment. However, most of the conclusions were based on census data covering women’s literacy rates, and their findings did not explicitly mention the indicators of women’s studies. Only a few studies assessed the dimensions of women’s empowerment, such as personal, economic, social, and political dimensions.