Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences

Narrativizing Trauma of the People’s War in Shrestha’s “Monologues”

Badri Prasad Pokhrel — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, I scrutinize and analyze Nepali jan yuddha and its impacts on common denizens living under the threat of both the rebels and the security forces narrativized in Abhinash Shrestha’s “Monologue” from the perspective of trauma studies. In the process of the research, the paper intends to show the violence, futility of war, enormous pain, fear, estrangement, unhappiness and shadow of war hanging in the mind of survivors basically those people living in the hinterlands of Nepal and expecting peace as soon as possible. Watching news on television and reading newspapers, they are seen longing for harmonious relationship in all. The specter of violence has been imprinted in all people’s mind and murder, manhandling, abusing and kidnapping in front of the family members have been common to all. Following this and using some critical insights of Caruth’s trauma theories and others’ as theoretical parameter, I have analyzed the primary text. This paper also intends to bring out the prospects of peace and solidarity among the people living under the threat from both sides, besides the enhanced conflict which has terrorized everyone. Discussing the expected findings, this article focuses on common individual’s anticipation for peace in the war-ridden societies.

Transgenerational Burden in W. B. Yeats’s Poem “Leda and the Swan”: A Feminist Study

Bhim Prasad Subedi — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The transgenerational burden presented in W. B. Yeats' poem "Leda and the Swan" is examined in this research from a feminist standpoint. As shown in the legendary retelling, the analysis explores the many layers of patriarchal power relations and their long-lasting effects on succeeding generations. The text uses feminist literary theory to explain how Yeats's depiction of Leda's terrible encounter with the holy swan incorporates larger societal meanings and sustains repressive mechanisms that have an ongoing effect on society. The transgenerational burden arises from the offspring of this encounter. The children born to Leda carry the weight of their divine parentage and the complexities of their intertwined lineage. The examination scrutinizes the interplay of gender roles, agency, and the consequential burdens borne by women, revealing the poem as a nuanced commentary on the enduring legacy of patriarchal dominance. Through this exploration, the study contributes to the broader discourse on gender in literature, shedding light on the intricate intergenerational complexities inherent in Yeats's poetic explanation. The Leda and the Swan myth highlights the enduring consequences of patriarchal power dynamics and their role in shaping transgenerational burdens within the narrative.

Exploring Early Childhood Development Education Through Playful Environment

Bisna Acharya, Surya Sigdel — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to early childhood development and education through a descriptive research approach. The educator recognized the significance of establishing environments that are conducive to children's needs and incorporating stimulating activities to foster the growth of young learners. The researchers conducted an assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices through interviews and conversations. The variables of race, age, and education had a notable influence on the level of knowledge among individuals. Teachers in educational institutions possess a broader range of knowledge regarding school nutrition and health compared to students. The respondents' knowledge, behavior, and perspectives were shaped by a range of factors, such as their educational attainment, occupation, religious beliefs, and racial background. The study findings emphasize the importance of school health, nutrition, and recreation, and recommend that educators, students, parents, and other stakeholders actively promote these aspects. Creating a favorable and supportive learning environment is crucial in the field of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), risk reduction initiatives, Nepal's child-friendly education programs, and the improvement of school environment.

Economic Impacts of Real Estate in Nepal

Chandra Prasad Dhakal — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Real estate is one of the important economic sectors of Nepal around 90 national properties covered by real estate. In this context, the study analyzes the how real estate play's role in national economy and economic activities in Nepal. Main objective of this study is to analyze the economic impacts on real estate business in Nepal. The study follows the qualitative research design and used both primary and secondary source of the data. Primary data were collected from in depth interview with respondents and secondary data were collected through library research. Books, articles, journals, government reports and thesis were the main source of secondary data. Conclusion of this is based on the analysis of both primary and secondary data. Traditional concept about property, global influence, high flow of remittance and government policy play importance role in real estate business. Each of the economic activities of Nepal is influenced by real estate business.

George Orwell and Totalitarianism: A Master of Political and Social Commentary

Gol Man Gurung — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This analysis delves into George Orwell's legacy as a British writer and journalist, focusing on his incisive scrutiny and critique of political and social structures, with a specific emphasis on totalitarianism. Through a comprehensive examination of Orwell's seminal works, "Animal Farm" and "1984," the study aims to reveal the enduring relevance of his critiques by contextualizing them within the socio-political landscape of his era and drawing connections to contemporary issues of government power, surveillance, and individual liberties. Employing a multifaceted methodology encompassing literary analysis, biographical exploration, historical contextualization, comparative analysis, and the incorporation of scholarly perspectives, the research provides a nuanced understanding of Orwell's contributions, emphasizing his impact on literature, political thought, and the ongoing discourse surrounding the perils of unchecked authority. In conclusion, Orwell's enduring legacy emerges as a critical observer and commentator, whose works remain powerful reflections on totalitarianism, surveillance, and the fragility of individual freedoms, resonating globally as relevant and cautionary narratives.

Cameron’s Advocacy for Bio-Centric World-View in Avatar

Hari Krishna Lamichhane — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article attempts to examine James Cameron’s movie, Avatar (2009) from the lens of eco-criticism. In particular, the article attempts to examine how Cameron advocates for the necessity of maintaining environmental ethics for nature conservation along with his critique of anthropocentrism throughout the movie. The movie presents a bleak future (mid-22^ndCentury) condition of the earth having all the natural resources as already consumed up. With the help of technology, people, however, make their access to the Pandora, a fictional setting which is presented as the home of the Na’vi, and start exploiting natural resources mercilessly destroying their home-tree. To examine Cameron’s advocacy of environmental ethics in the movie, the research incorporates the philosophical ideas from eco-critical theory, especially incorporating theoretical insights from Edward O. Wilson’s “The Environmental Ethic” along with the ideas of other thinkers in the same line of argument. This study is significant as it shows how a literary work like a movie can make advocacy for environmental ethics and critiques anthropocentric hubris that jeopardizes the earth ultimately that Cameron makes through the portrayal of a nature-loving protagonist, Jake Sully. This article, ultimately justifies Avataras an epic movie alerting the humanity of the possibility of the bleak future in the world as a result of Anthropocene, and appeals for the urgency of maintaining environmental ethics to avoid the danger.

Film as Mass Communication and its Responsibility to Social Change

Jivan Dhungana — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper considers movies as means of mass communication and attempts to highlight the challenges faced by Nepali movies while communicating with people. It believes that the movies are key artistic presentations by which movie-mediatization is possible and a significant positive change can be brought. Movies are made as effectively to socialize people as to provide entertain to them. It means that the movies are highly responsible for bringing positive vibes in society. In order look at the manner in which films are giving a message to the audience, this paper makes a review of key literature on movie, mass communication, mediatization, and impact of movie on mediatization, analyzes the impact of movies on society, and forwards some key conclusions on epitomizing women as heroes. It also takes into consideration the significant impact made by some Indian movies to the Nepali movie industry, which is not growing well because of the premiere of recent Indian movies that are superior to Nepali movies both in quality and quantity. To conclude, the paper encapsulates the notion of film as an art, which has easily entered into people's mind and heart, and is changing people's preoccupied mindset on women and gender roles.

Pattern of Aging Transition in Nepal: A New Sociological Perspective

Kashi Nath Khanal — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Aging has been a key social phenomenon based on demographic transition, which is powered by the decrease of birth and death rates, and an increase of life expectancy at birth. It in the recent times has been highly successful in drawing more serious attention of an intellectual circle across the world. Society often considers aging as a problem that creates serious imbalances in a social system, but the condition of aging people and the impact of aging differs depending on the countries. Thus, the situation of aging people in Nepal drastically differs from aging people in other industrialized countries. Notwithstanding ageism a serious social problem, this paper describes only the transition in the structure and pattern of aging people that has taken place in the last seven decades in Nepal. It further makes an advocacy of different sociological perspectives to study aging in Nepalese context. Aging people in Nepal are living at risk, but the risks they have faced are far less compared to the aging people in real world-scenario.

Bangladesh – India Border Conflict: Challenges and Opportunities

Md. Sayedur Rahman, Md. Shariful Islam — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Geographically adjacent and friendly nations in South Asia are Bangladesh and India. The boundary's approximate 5138 km total length is made up of a 4427 km land border and a 711 km water border. India and Bangladesh have a 4,096-kilometer border. While India has five border provinces, Bangladesh has 32 border districts. Bangladesh and India both have bilateral problems that date back to their inception. Since the early 1990s, the two countries' economic ties have been expanding quickly. Due to border killing by the Indian Border Security Force, human trafficking, and other concerns between these two nations, the border issue has taken center stage. (BSF). The boundary between Bangladesh and India, according to the US-based news organization "Global Post," is the worst border line in the world. They are acting erratically near the boundary, killing, kidnapping Bangladeshis, violating human rights, and committing push-in offenses, among other things. The primary sources used in this study are scholarly books, scholarly journals, research papers, and other tertiary sources that are pertinent to the topic. Although the research is qualitative, a quantitative approach is also taken. This essay looks at the current problems surrounding border killing along the land border between India and Bangladesh, finding its causes and contributing factors as well as its detrimental effects on bilateral relations. The paper also includes a number of suggestions for preventing the issue of border killings along the land border between India and Bangladesh.

ARIMA Modeling and Forecasting of National Consumer Price Index in Nepal

Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to determine an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and forecasting the National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) in Nepal, using annual data from the fiscal year 1972/73 to 2022/23. The research utilized secondary data collected from the online bulletin published by Nepal Rastra Bank, aiming to enhance understanding of NCPI patterns and contribute to predictive modelling techniques for economic indicators. Adopting the Box-Jenkins technique and using E-Views statistical software, this study identifies ARIMA (1, 2, 8) as the most suitable model for NCPI forecasting. This selection is validated through meticulous diagnostic tests, affirming the appropriateness of the model, as evidenced by residuals exhibiting white noise characteristics. The research findings suggest a rapid increase in the National Consumer Price Index for the coming years. Implications of this research extend to both academic and policy-oriented audiences. A successful ARIMA model development holds significant potential for providing accurate predictions of future price trends in Nepal. This, in turn, can assist policymakers in making informed decisions regarding economic strategies, monetary policies, and inflation control measures. Moreover, the study's outcomes offer a foundational framework for future research endeavours in the domain of economic forecasting and modelling, contributing to the broader field of economic analysis and policy formulation.

Revenue Mobilization and Contribution Patterns in Nepal

Pramshu Nepal, Yadav Mani Upadhyaya, Hem Chandra Dhakal — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this article is to evaluate the revenue mobilization efforts in Nepal and understand the contribution patterns of various revenue sources. In this article data of gross domestic product (GDP) and total revenue for the fiscal years 2017/18 to 2021/22was collected from publication of IRD of Nepal. It examines key aspects of fiscal federalism, including revenue collection rights, revenue sharing, and intergovernmental fiscal transfers, as governed by the Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangement Act. The study assesses government revenue as a percentage of GDP, tax revenue efficiency, and the role of the Internal Revenue Department (IRD). It also explores the composition of revenue, distinguishing between tax and non-tax sources. The findings reveal a positive trend in revenue mobilization, with tax revenue playing a significant role. The findings contribute to understanding Nepal's revenue mobilization efforts and the composition of its revenue sources, providing insights into the country's fiscal policies and financial sustainability.

Sociological Review of Women Participation in Social Movements of Nepal

Radhika Devi Dahal — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article applies social structural approach to analyze women's involvement in social and political movements. It studies feminist movement of the world, and draws conclusion on the history and contemporary state of women as participants of movement sin Nepal. It reviews some theoretical articles written by foreign scholars by giving equal emphasis to Nepali writers' articles to review the evolution of women participation in movements in Nepal. Throughout the paper, feminist movement in common and issues of women exclusion in particular are discussed. Women issues or the feminist movements are often taken as lightly, but the paper believes that women participation in social and political movements of Nepal is attached more to class component than the purely qualitative component like social exclusion. To be specific, middle-class women in Nepal are the pioneers of women's rights movement, and have contributed a lot to ensure women rights both in legal and political areas. Rights and privileges given to women both constitutionally and politico-culturally, basically from the 1990s in Nepal, and the benefit women have received in the fields of education, health, politics, employment, marriage, property, etc. are the results of middle-class women's actively leading role in political movements.

Post-Colonial Discourse in Achebe's Things Fall Apart

Rajendra Prasad Chapagaee — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims at revealing Igbo society and the decline of its cultural identity as a result of British colonialism and the hegemony imposed through judicial, medical, educational, and church-missionary institutions. When the protagonist's son betrays his father and the brothers ridicule the concept of brotherhood by becoming Christians, the peaceful Igbo community gets turned into anarchy. The harmony of the Igbo community was destroyed by the effects of colonialism and the supremacy of European culture. Consequently, the rich cultural heritage collapses and crumbles despite constant resistance and sacrifice of a sincere lover of native culture. Post-colonial social narrative, a narration of society, postulates the issues of presentation, expression and evocation of a community which is preliminarily structured by a number of cultural ethos, now it has been contaminated by colonial power. The community experiences a significant transformation while the true followers original culture struggle with the shifting dynamics of relationships. European civilization interferes and challenges the traditional way of life of the Igbo people. Identity of the indigenous people gets reshaped as they fight against the changes imposed by the colonists.

Impact of Monetary Policy on the Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks

Shiva Raj Ghimire, Narayan Prasad Aryal, Ashok Basnet — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of monetary policy instruments on firm profitability in Nepalese commercial banks from 2007/08 to 2021/22. The research investigates the relationship between profitability and various monetary policy instruments, including broad money supply, statutory liquidity ratio, bank rate, investment in treasury bills, and cash reserve ratio. The analysis reveals diverse return on investment (ROI) trends across banks, with NIMBL initially showing high ROI followed by a drop, SBL and SBI displaying substantial increases, and NABIL and HBL maintaining stable ROI. Net Interest Margin (NIM) analysis shows varying profitability, while monetary policy indicators exhibit diverse and occasionally fluctuating values, influencing borrowing costs and liquidity. Correlation analysis identifies positive associations between NIM, M2, and ROI and negative correlations with TBR and CRR. Regression analysis emphasizes the significance of CRR, IRS, and M2 in impacting ROI. The study concludes that the cash reserve ratio, bank rate, and investment in treasury bills affect Nepalese commercial banks' profitability. Recommendations include managing the cash reserve ratio, maintaining low bank rates, encouraging treasury bill investment, and minimizing the statutory liquidity ratio to enhance profitability. Implications suggest that effective management of monetary policy instruments can improve banks' profitability. Future research could explore additional profitability indicators, expand the sample size and observation years, include other financial institutions, and employ a mixed-method approach for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of monetary policy instruments on bank profitability.

Human Development Indices and Governance Interrelationship: Evidence from Nepal

Suman Kharel, Prajwal Man Pradhan — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between human development indices (life expectancy, education and GNI) and six dimensions of governance (e.g., voice and accountability, political stability and no violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption), while utilizing remittances as a control variable in the analysis. The analysis conducted using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method has revealed that personal remittances have a substantial influence on human development indices. A population that has received a high level of education tends to possess a greater understanding of their rights and is able to actively engage in the process of governance. The establishment of good governance has the potential to facilitate the development and successful execution of effective educational policies. A positive correlation has been identified between human development indices and two aspects of governance, including government efficiency and political stability. Life expectancy index has also associated with regulatory quality of government.

Impact Analysis of Income Tax Revenue on GDP Economic Growth of Nepal

Uttam Adhikari — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper investigates the relationship between income tax revenue and GDP economic growth in Nepal from 2070 to 2079B.S. The study draws upon the Economic Survey of Nepal and the data produced by Nepal Rastra Bank. By employing a linear regression model, it reveals significant influence of income tax revenue on the progression of Nepal's GDP. Methodology involves meticulous data collection and comprehensive statistical analysis. The linear regression model serves as the primary analytical tool to discern the nature and magnitude of the impact of income tax revenue on GDP economic growth. It demonstrates a positive relationship between income tax revenue and GDP progression, implying that an increase in income tax revenue correlates with a corresponding rise in Nepal's economic growth. This outcome underscores the importance of effective tax policies and revenue collection mechanisms in fostering economic development and stability in the country. In conclusion, the empirical evidence presented here highlights the pivotal role of income tax revenue in shaping the country's economic trajectory, making it an important area for policy intervention and reform as Nepal navigates its path towards prosperity in the 21st century.