Demographic Characteristics and Ultrasonographic Findings in Breast Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Breast lesions are a common clinical concern, ranging from benign to malignant conditions, requiring accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. Ultrasonography, combined with the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification system, is a non-invasive and effective imaging modality for evaluating breast abnormalities. 

Objective: The objective of this study is to  investigate the sonographic findings of breast lesions, classifying them using Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and  also to determine the distribution across different age groups.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 71 patients with breast complaints at Birat Medical College from 1 April to 5th September 2024. Ultrasonographic examinations were conducted using high-frequency transducers, and lesions were categorized according to the BI-RADS system. Patient demographics and lesion characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine lesion distribution and classification.

Results: Most lesions 54 (76.05%) were classified under BI-RADS Category 2, with fibroadenomas being the most common 37 (52.1%) primarily observed in patients under 35 years of age. Malignant lesions, categorized as BI-RADS 5, included 13 cases of breast carcinoma and predominantly observed in patients over 35 years.  Suspicious lesions, such as granulomatous mastitis, were also identified in two cases.

Conclusion: Benign lesions, particularly fibroadenomas, were the most common in younger women, while malignant lesions, including breast carcinoma, were more frequent in older individuals. These findings underscore the importance of ultrasonography combined with BI-RADS classification in accurately diagnosing breast abnormalities and guiding effective clinical management.