Relationship between Geomagnetic Indices (Kp, Ap) and Solar Activity (Sunspot Number)

Authors

  • Debasri Samanta Department of Physics, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1333-1189
  • Rajib Kumar Dolai Department of Physics, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/ajs.v2i1.87768

Keywords:

Sunspot Number (SSN), Kp, Ap, Time-series decomposition, Power spectral density (PSD), Cumulative distribution function (CDF)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between solar activity (Sunspot Number) (SSN) and geomagnetic indices (Kp and Ap) using time-series decomposition, distribution analysis, and correlation analysis. The results show an inverse relationship between Kp, Ap, and SSN up to 1990, followed by a strong positive correlation thereafter. Distribution analysis indicates that SSN is dominated by low-frequency components, whereas Kp and Ap capture both long-term trends and shorter-term variations, such as the ~ 27-day solar rotation cycle. Correlation analysis reveals weak overall correlations but strong trend correlations, particularly during the 12:00–15:00 UT interval for Kp and Ap with SSN.

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Samanta, D., & Dolai, R. K. (2025). Relationship between Geomagnetic Indices (Kp, Ap) and Solar Activity (Sunspot Number) . Api Journal of Science, 2(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.3126/ajs.v2i1.87768

Issue

Vol. 2 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

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