Isolated Myo-cysticercosis of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle in a Strict Vegetarian Child: A Rare and Unusual Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Cysticercosis, a parasitic disease endemic to developing countries, is caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. While neurocysticercosis is common, isolated myocysticercosis, especially of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, is exceedingly rare, particularly in pediatric patients.

Case presentation: We report the case of a 9-year-old strictly vegetarian female child presenting with painless left-sided neck swelling. Ultrasonography revealed a well-defined cyst with a central echogenic focus, suggestive of a scolex. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis. Computed tomography ruled out a neuro-ocular involvement. The patient was treated conservatively with albendazole, corticosteroids, and antihistamines, which led to complete resolution within three months and no residual disease or recurrence after six months.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering myocysticercosis in the differential diagnosis of neck swelling in children, even among vegetarians. Early diagnosis using noninvasive modalities and conservative management can ensure excellent outcomes while avoiding unnecessary surgical interventions in endemic regions.