Nepalese Journal of Biosciences

Diatom flora of Hasina pond, Morang, Nepal

Shiva Kumar Rai, Kapindra Adhikari — Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Epiphytic diatoms of Hasina pond were studied during winter, summer, and monson seasons in 2014-2015. Samples were collected by squeezing submerged roots and leaves of hydrophytes and frustules were cleaned using nitric acid. A total 59 diatoms under 27 genera and 19 families were reported among which 33 diatoms were new to the country. Epithemia adnata, Rhopalodia gibba, Gomphonema truncatum, Nitzschia palea, Ulnaria acus, U. ulna and Pinnularia amabilis were dominant in the pond. Diatom species were found maximum in summer (40%) and minimum in monsoon (28%) seasons.

Checklist of pasture species at Biratnagar, Eastern Nepal

Bhabindra Niroula, Yam Prakash Dangi, Poonam Shah, Sasinath Jha — Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Pasture species of Biratnagar area were seasonally observed during 2018. A total of 77 species including monocot grasses (27) nonlegumes forbs (43), and legumes (7) were recorded. Seasonally, summer had maximum number of species (73), followed by rainy (64 species) and winter (53 species). Occasional and scarce native grasses were replaced by unpalatable and invasive species. Desmostachya bipinnata (graminoid) and Indigofera linifolia (legume) were the scarcely found species.

Growth performance of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) on the basis of formulated feeds supply

Monisha Niroula, Jay Narayan Shrestha, Bharat Raj Subba — Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Growth of fishes, a sole production of aquaculture, depends upon the physico-chemical parameters of the pond as well as quality and quantity of supplementary feed supplied. This study was carried out from 6^th May to 20^th June, 2017 on eight glass aquaria (47cm x 31cm x 32cm) at a rate of 25 fries per aquarium providing formulated feeds with different protein levels i.e. 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% as well as commercial feed as control. The highest and lowest body weight gain were 26.03g (diet with protein level 40%) and 15.77g (diet with protein level 25%) respectively. Similarly, the highest and lowest growth rate (g/day) and body weight gain (%) were (0.57 and 0.35) and 410.6 and 128.6) respectively. The highest mortality (28%) was seen in a diet with protein level 25% and lowest (Nil) in a diet with protein level 50%. The highest average weight gain (13.65g) was observed in first fifteen days at diet 40% protein level and lowest (4.01g) was seen in 16^th to 30^th days at diet with 25% protein level. There was no significance difference between average body weight gain and physico-chemical factors (pH, DO and temperature). The better growth performance of C. carpio was seen in a diet with 40% protein level. So, it is recommended for fishermen to obtain maximum production in aquaculture. Further study especially about growth in relation to formulated diet up to table size and effects of micronutrients in diet on growth performance of C. carpio is recommended for other researchers.

Solid waste management in Belbari Municipality, Morang, Province 1, Nepal

Ram Chandra Adhikari — Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000

The study was done from January to June of 2018 in Belbari Municipality with the aim to estimate the total waste production, quantity of biodegradable and non-biodegradable, some parameters of solid waste and to detect the common methods adopted in waste management and the relation of economic level in waste production and relation of the education level of people and their ideas or degree of satisfaction for the existing management system. Direct fieldwork was done for the quantification and sorting of the wastes. pH was tested according to Pathak (2017). The temperature was measured according to Daniel (1987) and moisture content by the method of Trautmann (1996). The total waste from Belbari Municipality produced per day was 17.500 tons. The waste contained 62.83% biodegradable and 37.17% nonbiodegradable. The moisture content of dumped wastes was 66.64%, the temperature was 3.33°C, higher than the atmosphere. The average pH of all months was 5.05. On the basis of Chi-square test, there was no relation between the economic level and type of wastes (Biodegradable and non-biodegradable) (p>0.05). The most of the respondents (48.5%) revealed that they manage the waste by dumping with cattle dung. On the basis of the Chi-square test, there was no relation between education level and opinion on the demand for new waste management project (p>0.05).

Additional algae (excluding cyanobacteria) of Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang, Nepal

Ritu Rajopadhyaya, Shiva Kumar Rai — Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, a total of 46 additional algae (excluding cyanobacteria) have been described from Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang. They belong to 7 classes, 13 orders, 21 families, and 28 genera. Algae were collected from 8 different peripheral localities of the wetland during winter, summer and rainy seasons, 2014. They were collected by squeezing submerged parts of macrophytes and by using plankton mesh net. Cosmarium was the largest genus as usual in the previous studies. The water in this wetland is maintained as it lies along the southern edge of Char-Koshe Jungle, hence harbor rich algal species.