Thermodynamic Modeling and Activity Analysis of Bi-In-Sn Ternary Liquid Alloys at High Temperatures

Authors

  • Sanjay Kumar Sah Central Department of Physics, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Physics, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-0442
  • Ishwar Koirala Central Department of Physics, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8838-1674

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3126/jist.v29i2.72364

Keywords:

Activity, molecular interaction volume model, partial molar Gibbs free energy, solder liquid alloys, ternary alloys

Abstract

The activities of each component metal, i.e., Bi, In, and Sn in Bi-In-Sn at 1000 K, were calculated for ternary liquid alloys, which are lead-free, applying the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM). The predicted values of the activity of the component Bi and the associated experimental data were analyzed for Bi-In-Sn at 1000 K. Between the theory and experiment, there was a significant amount of agreement. Both negative and positive deviations of Bi activity, the negative activity deviation of In, and the positive activity deviation of Sn from ideal Raoult's law have been observed in Bi-In-Sn liquid alloys at 1000 K. In addition, the partial molar Gibbs free energy (Δ¯(GBi) of Bi in Bi-In-Sn alloys at 1025 K was also calculated and compared with the available experimental data, which also shows a reasonable agreement.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Abstract
0
PDF
0

References

Abtew, M., & Selvaduray, G. (2000). Lead-free solders in microelectronics. Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, 27(5–6), 95–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00010-3.

Amore, S., Ricci, E., Lanata, T., & Novakovic, R. (2008). Surface tension and wetting behaviour of molten Cu-Sn alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 452(1), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.01.178

Asryan, N.A., & Mikula, A. (2004). Thermodynamic properties of Bi-Sn melts. Inorganic Materials, 40, 386–390.

Brunetti, B., Gozzi, D., Iervolino, M., Piacente, V., Zanicchi, G., Parodi, N., & Borzone, G. (2006). Bismuth activity in lead-free solder Bi-In-Sn alloys. Calphad, 30(4), 431–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2006.07.003.

Ervina, E.E., Ismail, A.B., Sharif, N.M., Ariga, T., & Hussain, Z. (2008). Characteristic of low temperature of Bi-In-Sn solder alloy. Proceedings of the IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology (IEMT) Symposium, 33, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMT.2008.5507865.

Iida, T., & Guthrie, R.I.L. (1993). The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Knott, S., Li, Z., Wang, C.H., & Mikula, A. (2010). Electromotive force measurements in the ternary system Bi-In-Zn. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 41(12), 3130–3135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0294-3.

Knott, S., & Mikula, A. (2002). Thermodynamic properties of liquid Al-Sn-Zn alloys: A possible new lead-free solder material. Materials Transactions, 43(8), 1868–1872. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.1868.

Kumar, M.R., Mohan, S., & Behera, C.K. (2016). Measurement of Activity of Indium in Liquid Bi-In-Sn Alloys by EMF Method. Journal of Electronic Materials, 45(8), 4314–4323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4574-6.

Lee, J., Shimoda, W., & Tanaka, T. (2004). Surface Tension and its Temperature Coefficient of Liquid Sn-X ( X = Ag , Cu ) Alloys. Materials Transactions, 45(9), 2864–2870.

Liu, X.J., Yamaki, T., Ohnuma, I., Kainuma, R., & Ishida, K. (2004). Thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria, surface tension and viscosity in the In-Ag-X (X=Bi, Sb) system. Materials Transactions, 45(3), 637–645. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.45.637.

Manasijević, I., Balanović, L., Grgurić, T.H., Minić, D., & Gorgievski, M. (2018). Study of Microstructure and Thermal Properties of the Low Melting Bi-In-Sn Eutectic Alloys 2. Literature Review. Materials Research, 21(6), 1–8.

Moelans, N., Hari Kumar, K.C., & Wollants, P. (2003). Thermodynamic optimization of the lead-free solder system Bi-In-Sn-Zn. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 360(1–2), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00325-6.

Odusote, Y.A., Popoola, A.I., Adedayo, K.D., & Ogunjo, S.T. (2017). Thermodynamic properties of Al in ternary lead-free solder Al-Sn-Zn alloys. Materials Science- Poland, 35(3), 583–593. https://doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0080.

Sah, S.K., Jha, I.S., & Koirala, I. (2022). Computational Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Some Lead-free Solder Alloys. BMC Journal of Scientific Research, 5(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50676.

Sah, S.K., Jha, I.S., & Koirala, I. (2023). Theoretical Examination of Some Thermodynamic Properties in In ‑ Bi ‑ Sn Liquid Alloy and its Sub ‑ binary Systems. Journal of Electronic Materials, 52(9), 6350–6359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10571-y.

Sah, S.K., Koirala, I., & Jha, I.S. (2023). Theoretical investigation of the thermodynamic activities of Zn-In-Sn lead-free solder alloys and the concerned binary alloys. Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.078.

Tao, D.P. (2000). A new model of thermodynamics of liquid mixtures and its application to liquid alloys. Thermochimica Acta, 363(1–2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00603-1.

Tao, D.P. (2001). Prediction of the Thermodynamic Properties of Multicomponent Liquid Alloys by Binary Infinite Dilute Activity Coefficients. In METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B (pp. 1205–1211).

Tao, D.P. (2005). Prediction of the coordination numbers of liquid metals. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 36(12), 3495–3497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0023-5.

Tao, D.P. (2008). Prediction of activities of all components in the lead-free solder systems Bi-In-Sn and Bi-In-Sn-Zn. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 457(1–2), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.02.123.

Yadav, S.K., Jha, L.N., & Adhikari, D. (2015). Thermodynamic and structural properties of Bi-based liquid alloys. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 475, 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2015.06.015.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-22

How to Cite

Sah, S. K., & Koirala, I. (2024). Thermodynamic Modeling and Activity Analysis of Bi-In-Sn Ternary Liquid Alloys at High Temperatures . Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 29(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.3126/jist.v29i2.72364

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Institute of Science and Technology, T.U.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The views and interpretations in this journal are those of the author(s). They are not attributable to the Institute of Science and Technology, T.U. and do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries.

The copyright of the articles is held by the Institute of Science and Technology, T.U.