Impact of Family Adoption Program on Community-Based Learning Outcomes among Phase I Undergraduate Medical Students in India: A Mixed Method Study

Abstract

Background
Family Adoption Program (FAP) emphasizes communication skills and community-based learning and also provides medical students with longitudinal exposure to community living conditions, cultural beliefs, lifestyle practices, and health challenges. However, its impact on student learning outcomes remains under-explored, particularly using mixed-method approaches, and context-specific assessment tools require further evaluation. This mixed-method study aimed to assess the impact of FAP on community-based learning, explore barriers and facilitators to its implementation, evaluating its effectiveness in teaching Family Health & Environmental Survey and assessing communication skills among the medical students.
Methods
A mixed method study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh, India over a period of 10 months from October 2024 to July 2025. Among Phase I MBBS students. Knowledge was assessed using a semi open ended questionnaire, while communication skills were evaluated using the Observation-based Communication Skills Checklist (OCSC) from 93 students. Reflective narratives of 73 students were analyzed thematically.
Results
Knowledge scores improved modestly (16.1 to 17.4; not significant), while communication scores increased significantly (26 to 28). Over two-thirds of students reported meaningful learning. Qualitative findings showed improved rapport-building, empathy, and confidence, often facilitated by using local language. Key strengths included family engagement and faculty support, while challenges involved time constraints, dialect barriers, and community expectations.
Conclusions
FAP effectively promotes community-oriented learning, enhances communication skills, and fosters empathetic, socially responsible medical professionals. Program improvements should focus on communication training, logistical support, and strengthened community engagement.